Fatty oil

The term fat is applied to solid esters of fatty acids with glycerol (glycerides) if the fat is liquid at the ordinary temperature, it is conventionally called a fatty oil, vegetable oil or animal oil. The acids which occur most abundantly are palmitic ticid CH3(CHj),4COOH, stearic acid CH3(CH2)isCOOH and oleic acid CH3(CH2),CH=CH(CH2),C00H. Upon hydrolysis, fats yield glycerol and the alkali salts of these acids (soaps) ... 

Place 5 g. of lard (or any fat or fatty oil), 3 g. of potassium hydroxide and 40 ml. of alcohol in a 250 ml. round-bottomed flask, attach a reflux condenser, and boil for about 30 minutes. The reaction is complete when no globules of oil are present when a few drops of the mixture are mixed with a little water. Distil the reaction mixture (Fig. II, 13, 3) and recover the alcohol dissolve the residue in 75 ml. of hot water. C arry out the following experiments with the resulting solution —... 

Fatty Oil Hydrometer. The graduations on this hydrometer are in specific gravity within the range 0.908 to 0.938. The letters on the scale correspond to the specific gravity of the various common oils as follows R, rape O, olive A, almond S, sesame HL, hoof oil HP, hemp C, cotton seed L, linseed. See also Oleometer below. 

Oleometer. A hydrometer for determining the density of vegetable and sperm oils with a scale from 50° to 0° corresponding to specific gravities from 0.870 to 0.970. See also Fatty Oil Hydrometer above. 

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