Consistency factor

Pentaerythritol Ester As with glycerol esters, the esters are produced by esterification of pentaerythritol with the desired fatty acids. For example, under defined reaction conditions and use of stearic acid in defined concentration, pentaerythritol distearate has been recently developed as an off-white wax with very weak odor (Cutina PES). This type of product is offered as co-emulsifier and consistency factor for cosmetic products with high sensorial elegance and can be applied in various formulations (Fig. 4.17). 

There are some alternative RPA schemes also delivering self-consistent factorization of the two-body residual interaction, see e.g. [21, 27-29] for atomic nuclei and [30,31] for atomic clusters. However, these schemes are usually not sufficiently general. Some of them are limited to analytic or simple numerical estimates [21,27,30], next ones start from phenomenological single-particle potentials and thus are not fully self-consistent [28], the others need a large number of the separable terms to get an appropriate numerical accuracy [29,31]. SRPA has evident advantages as compared with these schemes. 

Here, K is sometimes referred to as the consistency index and has units that depend on the value of the power law index, n—for example, N-s"/m. The power law index is itself dimensionless. Typical values of K and n are listed in Table 4.4. In general, the power law index is independent of both temperature and concentration, although fluids tend to become more Newtonian (n approaches 1.0) as temperature increases and concentration decreases. The consistency factor, however, is more sensitive to temperature and concentration. To correct for temperature, the following relationship is often used ... 

Exponential dependence of the consistence factor on temperature. For highly viscous Newtonian fluids (such as glycerin), an exponential dependence of viscosity on temperature [133] is usually assumed. Extending this law to the consistence factor of power-law fluids, we can write [52,253, 300, 443]... 

Obviously, for a nonisothermal flow in a circular tube of a power-law fluid with exponential dependence of the consistence factor on temperature and arbitrary index n, the critical value of the volume rate of flow is twice that in the isothermal case. 

Note that in [51] a nonisothermal flow of a power-law fluid between two parallel planes one of which moves at a constant velocity (a Couette flow) was studied, as well as a gravity flow in an annular gap and a flow between two rotating cylinders of a fluid with exponential consistence factor (6.6.5) under constant wall temperature. 

Power-law dependence of consistence factor on temperature. The experiments described [286] dealt with water solutions of carboxymethylcellulose, whose flow curve is well described by the power-law Ostwalde-de Waele equation. It was shown that the index n is virtually invariable in the temperature interval 15 to 60°C, whereas the medium consistence factor can be approximated by the expression... 

Another important result of this study is the confirmation of Fischer s demonstration that Xj is not equal to zero in uran-ocene. Early attempts to factor isotropic shifts in uranocene have generally assumed that Xj[=0, and leads to overestimation of the anisotropy term. A precise value of Xj is difficult to determine rigorously from analysis of available NMR data. We have found that y 2 - yj 2 = 12.5 BM2 leads to the best internal consistency factored isotropic shifts for a wide variety of 1,1 -dialkyluranocenes. Assuming yav2 = 5.76 BM2 and yjj - yj 2 = 12.5 BM2, at 30°C/ the corresponding values of y. 2 and yj2 are 14.09 and 1.59 BM2, respectively. This implies that Xj j/X L 8 uran ocene, a value substantilly larger than Fischer s ratio of X /Xj = 2.8 (15). 

Edenor GMS. [Henkd Canada] Glyceryl stearate consistency factor for creams and liq. emulsions. 

Hydrend D. (Henkd/Cosi Henkel KGaA] Tallow alcohol emdUent, consistency factor for ridn oeams and lotions, intermediate for sutfoctant mfg. 

Beilstein Handbook Reference) BRN 1805188 Cetin Cetyl palmitate EINECS 208-736-6 Hexadecanoic acid, hexadecyl ester, Hexadecyl palmitate Kemester CP, Kessco 653 Palmitic ack), hexadecyl ester Palmityl palmitate Radia 7500 Rewowax CG Standamul 1616 Waxenol 815 Crodamol CP. Emollient for replacing spermaceti wax. Used as a base for ointments and in manufacture of candles and soaps, as a consistency factor in creams, ointmnets, liquid emulsions and fatty make-ups. Leaflets mp = 54" 6 = 0.989 insoluble in H2O, very soluble in EtOH, Et20. Croda Surfactants Henket/Cospha Henkel Sherex Smith Werner G. Stepan Witco/Humko. 

Because, for two noninteracting subsystems, both of the disjoint sums occurring in Eq. (3.60) are size consistent (i.e., proportional to the size of the system), the product would not be size consistent. Hence, unlinked diagrams correspond directly to non-size-consistent factors, which should not be included. 

MNA) in PSFT models, for which permeability was less than predicted from log soMix> effect that carried into the IPPSF, suggesting a potential interaction with epidermal cells or dermal components, the only consistent factors different between isolated stratum comeum and SMFT compared to PSFT and IPPSF models. This interaction was also seen with other compounds. For PCP, stratum comeum partitioning appears to be the dominant factor. These findings support the hypothesis that a mixture component effect (such as SLS) in a specific solvent system will reduce permeability across penetrants (independent of the compound s specific QSPR relation to log K, ) and can be estimated by partition coefficients in simpler system. 

Experimental data are obtained by measuring the torque T at different values of wfor a given fluid. The flow property constants may be evaluated by plotting log T versus log (o. The parameter, n, is the slope of the straight line and the intercept is Jog A. The consistency factor K is now easily evaluated from Eq. (3.5-24). 

K = the power law consistency factor, expressed in Pa s" n = the power law behavior index, and is smaller than unity... 

The shear stress is plotted against the shear rate on a logarithmic scale at various volume fractions. From the slope of such a plot, K, the power law consistency factor, and the power law behavior index (smaller than unity) are derived as plotted in Figure 3-... 

FIGURE 3-11 Plotting the rheology on a logarithmic scale to obtain the consistency factor K and the flow behavior index n of Pseudoplastics. 

For a yield pseudoplastic, Slatter et al. (1996) defined their Reynolds number, Re in terms of the friction velocity, consistency factor K, and power coefficient n, as weU as roughness d ... 

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