Cream bases

The fluids have also found a number of uses in medicine. Barrier creams based on silicone fluids have been found to be particularly useful against the cutting oils in metal machinery processes which are common industrial irritants. The serious and often fatal frothy bloat suffered by ruminants can be countered by the use of small quantities of silicone fluid acting as an antifoam. 

Melt the PG 4000 and add the liquid PG 400. Cool with stirring until congealed. Y. Cream base, w/o (rose water ointment, NF 14) Oleaginous phase Spermaceti 12.5%... 

Heat the oil phase and water phase to 70°C. Add the oil phase slowly to the aqueous phase with stirring to form a crude emulsion. Cool to about 55°C and homogenize. Cool with agitation until congealed. VII. Cream base, o/w (vanishing cream) Oleagenous phase Stearic acid 13%... 

A device designed to determine the transport of an epidermal growth factor from a Pluronic gel, a Carbopol gel, and a vanishing cream base was shown capable of demonstrating formulation-dependent release kinetics [22], This device consists of a release cell which has a membrane to minimize release due to mechanical breakdown and is placed in a stirred and temperature-controlled receptor fluid. 

Bonazzi et al. [18] reported the determination of miconazole and other imidazole antimycotics in creams by supercritical fluid extraction and derivative ultraviolet spectroscopic method. Cream based pharmaceuticals were mixed with celite and anhydrous sodium sulfate and extracted by supercritical fluid extractor (SFE) with... 

Wrobel et al. [29] described a simple method for the determination miconazole in pharmaceutical creams, based on extraction and second-derivative spectrophotometry. In the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate (0.5%) and sulfuric acid (0.4 mol/L), the miconazole and internal standard (methylene blue) were extracted to 100 pL of methylene chloride. The organic phase was evaporated in the nitrogen stream and the dry residue was dissolved in methanol (1.5 mL). The analytical signal was obtained as the ratio between second-derivative absorbances measured at 236.9 nm... 

Formulated halcinonide, at a concentration of 0.1% in either a cream base or polyethylene glycol-water lotion, after storage at approximately 23° for 3 years, showed no loss on halcinonide content, using high pressure liquid chromatography. 6 The contents remained unchanged within 2% of labeled concentration. 

Commentary Since this problem is solved by an academic research institute, they were likely to have greater access to cutting-edge analytical tools than are considered standard. Unlike a problem such as the Bulging Drum, time was not an important consideration in this problem. Re-creating the ancient cream, based on the analytical results, was important to postulating its end-use. 

Creams are opaque, soft solids or thick liquids intended for external application. Creams may contain medications dissolved or suspended in water-soluble or vanishing cream bases and can be either water-in-oil or oil-in-water. An example is given below. 

Eczema is managed by emollients and topical corticosteroids. Fatty cream base is an emollient and is therefore indicated in eczema. Podophyllum is used in warts, lidocaine is an anaesthetic, calcipotriol is used in psoriasis and... 

In Figure 3, the active steroid (triamcinolone acetonide) and preservative (benzyl alcohol) are determined from a steroid cream. The higher molecular weight components of the cream base are well separated from the analytes. The ability to elute all the components of a cream or ointment in a SMGPC analysis gives an important sample preparation advantage over competing separation techniques. 

Cosmetics are preparations (except so and detergents) for the preservation and beauty of the body. In the rich countries domesticated animals also have their cosmetics, such as creams based on a>3-polyunsaturated fetty acids, for strengthening and repair of feet and noses of hounds and pointers. 

Fluid milk and cream based upon whole milk equivalent (fat solids basis). 

The development of these studies contributes to a better understanding of cutaneous biochemistry and constitutes the foundation for a strict elaboration of creams based on scientific principles. This information makes it possible to evaluate the efficiency of dermo-cosmetic products applied on skin by electrochemical analyses both on the cutaneous surface and in the cosmetic products. 

Ricinoleic acid (Figure 3.8) is the major fatty acid found in castor oil from seeds of the castor oil plant (Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae), and is the 12-hydroxy derivative of oleic acid. It is formed by direct hydroxylation of oleic acid (usually esterified as part of a phospholipid) by the action of an 02- and NADPH-dependent mixed function oxidase, but this is not of the cytochrome P-450 type. Castor oil has a long history of use as a domestic purgative, but it is now mainly employed as a cream base. Undecenoic acid (A9-undecenoic acid) can be obtained from ricinoleic acid by thermal degradation, and as the zinc salt or in ester form is used in fungistatic preparations. 

Stir together the berries and the remaining 3A cup sugar in a nonreactive saucepan over medium heat until the sugar dissolves and the berries begin to release their juice. Puree the berries in a food processor and pass through the sieve. Stir the berry mixture into the chilled ice cream base. Stir in the lemon... 

Oral 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 mg tablets Vaginal 1.5 mg/g cream base Ethinyl estradiol (Estinyl)... 

In adults, the side effects associated with topical treatment are minimal but the reasons for treatment failures are numerous. Needless-to-say the selection of a cream base (hydrophilic or lipophilic, nonocclusive or semiocclusive) is important not only for the antimicrobial and pharmacologic effects, but also for compliance reasons. 

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compare active therapy with placebo. Placebo should be as similar to the active therapy in appearance and feel as to be indistinguishable. This means that RCTs involving topical therapy are compared to the cream base, and the cream base most often has an independent function as a moisturizer. The potential effects of the cream base must be made explicit, as they may influence the efficacy of the product tested. By explicating the effect of the placebo arm of... 

RCTs it is therefore possible to gain information about the efficacy of moisturizers as monotherapy. The effect of the cream base varies. In a stable, dry, and scaly dermatosis such as psoriasis, active treatment with calcipotriol reduces disease severity as assessed by PASI scores by 56%, whereas the use of the cream base reduces it 35%.1 Dry skin is also a key diagnostic element in atopic dermatitis and moisturizers are therefore extensively used in this disease. Looking at the placebo-arm in RCTs of topical treatment of atopic dermatitis the placebo effect appears to be in the range of 20%.2 6 The disease is however also more dynamic, and it waxes and wanes more frequently than psoriasis, which may explain the difference seen between the two disseases. 

Frithz, A., Investigation of Cortesal , a hydrocortisone cream and its water-retaining cream base in the treatment of xerotic skin and dry eczemas, Curr. Ther. Res., 33, 930, 1983. 

Steroid creams will often clear the condition and hydrocortisone can be prescribed under a variety of trade names such as Alphaderm. More powerful are the creams based on betamethasone esters, of which Betnovate is the best known and has been used for more than 40 years. If this does not work then the doctor can prescribe even stronger drugs based on clobetasol propionate, such as Dermovate, or similar active agents. There are several such creams now available and it is rare for eczema not to respond to one of them and be cured - and kept at bay. If the eczema is infected then various antibiotics, antivirals, and anti-fungals can be given to clear up the infection. Very... 

CREAM BASE - Water (Aqua), Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Cetyl alcohol, Glyceryl Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, Glycerin, Prunus dulcis, Vitis vinifera, Benzyl alcohol, Phenoxyethanol, Potassium sorbate, Toeopheryl acetate, Sodium benzoate, Citric acid, Tocopherol... 

Combinations of bases are sometimes used to acquire better stability. Gelling agents such as carbomers and PEG are also included in some ointment and cream preparations. Table 3 shows examples of cream bases used in some commercial cream preparations. 

TABLE 3 Cream Bases Present in Some Commercial Creams... 

Commercial Name Drug Cream Base (s) Used... 

Apexicon, Maxiflor, Diflorasone diacetate, Hydrophilic vanishing cream base of... 

Parabens from lotions and other cream-based formulations... 

Using SEM and x-ray microanalysis. King and co-workers [25] followed the distribution of topically applied sulfur (10% precipitated sulfur in an aqueous cream base), lead (20% w/w, subacetate solution), zinc (calamine lotion), and fluorinated corticosteroids after topical application on the forearm of a human subject. It was found that the amount of sulfur, zinc, and lead were at higher concentrations in the deeper layers of the SC with increasing application time. The fluorinated corticosteroids were not detected within the skin. Information was not provided about the exact depth of penetration or the amount of each element found at different depths within the SC. It was, however, acknowledged that the combined SEM and x-ray microanalysis... 

Pharmaceutical products Nuclear waste Black pepper (for mouthwash) Paprika (for lipstick colour) Hempseed, wheatgerm, grape seed (for cream bases) Blackcurrant and borage seeds (for dietary aids)... 

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