Paraffin liquid

Nujol A trade name for a heavy medicinal liquid paraffin. Extensively used as a mulling agent in spectroscopy. 

Shake 2 ml. of paraffin oil or liquid paraffin with an equal volume of rectified spirit (95 per cent, ethyl alcohol). Explain the result. 

As a general rule flasks and similar vessels should be heated in an air bath (compare Fig. II, 5, 3). A glycerol bath may be employed for temperatures up to 140° the glycerol is subsequently removed from the outside of the vessel by washing with water. Medicinal liquid paraffin may be used for temperatures up to about 220° hard hydrogenated cotton seed oil, Silicone fluids or fusible metal may be employed when higher temperatures are required. Small test-tubes and centrifuge tubes... 

Paraffins. Methane and ethane are simple asphyxiants, whereas the higher homologues are central nervous system depressants. Liquid paraffins can remove oil from exposed skin and cause dermatitis or pneumonia in lung tissue. Generally, paraffins are the least toxic class of hydrocarbons. 

Matthews-Akgerman The free-volume approach of Hildebrand was shown to be valid for binary, dilute liquid paraffin mixtures (as well as self-diffusion), consisting of solutes from Cg to Cig and solvents of Cg and C o- The term they referred to as the diffusion volume was simply correlated with the critical volume, as = 0.308 V. We can infer from Table 5-15 that this is approximately related to the volume at the melting point as = 0.945 V, . Their correlation was vahd for diffusion of linear alkanes at temperatures up to 300°C and pressures up to 3.45 MPa. Matthews et al. and Erkey and Akger-man completea similar studies of diffusion of alkanes, restricted to /1-hexadecane and /i-octane, respectively, as the solvents. 

Geraniol [106-24-1] M 154.3, b 230 , d 0.879, n 1.4766. Purified by ascending chromatography or by thin layer chromatography on plates of kieselguhr G with acetone/water/liquid paraffin (130 70 1) as solvent system. Hexane/ethyl acetate (1 4) is also suitable. Also purified by GLC on a silicone-treated column of Carbowax 20M (10%) on Chromosorb W (60-80 mesh). [Porter Pure Appl Chem 20 499 7969.] Stored in full, tightly sealed containers in the cool, protected from light. 

Figure 29.2. Viscosity-temperature curves for four commercial dimethylpolysiloxane fluids and for liquid paraffin. The numbers 1000, 300, 100 and 40 indicate the viscosities in centistokes at 38°C.

Store in airtight containers or under water or liquid paraffin Handle over a suitable tray near to the apparatus in use... 

Fig. 52 Fluorescence intensity of porphyrin chromatogram zones as a function of time after dipping in 50% liquid paraffin solution and storage in darkness. —...

Liquid paraffin benzo(a)pyrene 35-fold spray solution, 67% in n-hexane the fluorescence is stable for more than 10 h [245]... 

Liquid paraffin aflatoxins 3 to 4-fold dipping solution, 33% in n-hexane, investigation of fungal nutrients [239]... 

Liquid paraffin aflatoxins, sterigmatocystine 10 to 100-fold foodstuff investigations [65]... 

Liquid paraffin carbamate and urea herbicides stabilization and enhancement spray solution, 20% in toluene, water investigation [241]... 

Liquid paraffin digitalis glycosides stabilization and enhancement 30% in chloroform [242]... 

Liquid paraffin digitoxm, digoxin, methyldigoxin enhancement the chromatogram was coated with a film of paraffin liquid [243]... 

Liquid paraffin luteoskynn, rugulosin stabilization spray solution, 50% in toluene—ethyl acetate — formic acid (16-1-4-1-1) [244]... 

Liquid paraffin estnol as dansyl derivative 10-fold dipping solution, 67% m n-hexane [247]... 

Liquid paraffin aimlonde 80% increase dipping solution, 33% in cyclohexane, human plasma investigation [250]... 

Liquid paraffin fluphenazine enhancement dipping solution, 5% in toluene, plasma investigation [251]... 

Liquid paraffin piroxicam enhancement dipping solution, 10% in n-pentane, unne, tissue and plasma investigations [252]... 

Liquid paraffin gentamycins, netilmicin 50 to 65 /o enhancement dipping solution, 15% m n-hexane [253]... 

Liquid paraffin gentamycins stabilization dipping solution, 33% m n-hexane [254]... 

Liquid paraffin — triethanolamine carbamazepine 30-fold chloroform — liqmd paraffin — triethanolamine (60 -1-10 -1-10) [255, 256]... 

Liquid paraffin — triethanolamine vitamin Bi 2-fold chloroform — liquid paraffin —triethanolamine (60-1-10-1-10) [258]... 

Detection and result The chromatogram was freed from mobile phase and dipped for 1 s in solution I and after drying for 1 min in a stream of cold air it was dipped in a solution of liquid paraffin — -hexane (1 + 2) in order to stabilize and increase the intensity of fluorescence by a factor of 1.5—2.5. The derivatives which were pale yellow in daylight after drying fluoresce pale blue to turquoise in long-wave... 

Immersion in a liquid paraffin - n-hexane (1 - - 3) did not lead to an appreciable increase in fluorescence intensity. 

Note Subsequent immersion of the chromatogram in a mixture of liquid paraffin — n-hexane (1+2) leads to an increase in the fluorescence by a factor of 2.5 to 4.5 for some carbohydrates. 

The fluorescence intensity of the chromatogram zones could be stabilized and increased by a factor of 2.5 to 3.5 by subsequent immersion in liquid paraffin — -hexane (1 + 2). 

Detection and result The chromatogram was heated in the drying cupboard to 110 —120°C for 25 min and immediately placed — while still hot - in a twin-trough chamber, whose second trough contained 10 ml 25% ammonia solution, for 15 min. The chromatogram was then immersed for 2 s in a solution of liquid paraffin — n-hexane (1 + 2). 

Note If the chromatogram developed by method B was exposed to ammonia vapors for 10 min before being immersed in liquid paraffin— -hexane (1 -I- 2) the fluorescence of the chromatogram zones became deep red. Glucose and fructose also appeared red. 

The chromatogram was then immersed for 1 s in a mixture of liquid paraffin and -hexane (1 -I- 2) to stabilize and enhance the fluorescence (by a factor of ca. 1.5). The detection limits were then ca. 1 ng substance per chromatogram zone. 

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