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Cellular debris

Techniques used in bioseparations depend on the nature of the product (i.e., the unique properties and characteristics which provide a handle for the separation), and on its state (i.e., whether soluble or insoluble, intra- or extracellular, etc.). All early isolation and recovery steps remove whole cells, cellular debris, suspended solids, and colloidal particles, concentrate the product, and, in many cases, achieve some degree of purification, all the while maintaining high yield. For intracellular compounds, the initial harvesting of the cells is important... [Pg.2056]

The bacterial culture converts a portion of the supplied nutrient into vegetative cells, spores, crystalline protein toxin, soluble toxins, exoenzymes, and metabolic excretion products by the time of complete sporulation of the population. Although synchronous growth is not necessary, nearly simultaneous sporulation of the entire population is desired in order to obtain a uniform product. Depending on the manner of recovery of active material for the product, it will contain the insolubles including bacterial spores, crystals, cellular debris, and residual medium ingredients plus any soluble materials which may be carried with the fluid constituents. Diluents, vehicles, stickers, and chemical protectants, as the individual formulation procedure may dictate, are then added to the harvested fermentation products. The materials are used experimentally and commercially as dusts, wettable powders, and sprayable liquid formulations. Thus, a... [Pg.70]

As with urine, saliva (spumm) is easy to collect. The levels of protein and lipids in saliva or spumm are low (compared to blood samples). These matrices are viscous, which is why extraction efficiency of xenobioties amoimts to only 5 to 9%. By acidifying the samples, extraction efficiencies are improved as the samples are clarified, and proteinaceous material and cellular debris are precipitated and removed. Some xenobioties and their metabohtes are expressed in hair. Hair is an ideal matrix for extraction of analytes to nonpolar phases, especially when the parent xenobioties are extensively metabolized and often nondetectable in other tissues (parent molecules of xenobioties are usually less polar than metabolites). Hair is a popular target for forensic purposes and to monitor drug compliance and abuse. Human milk may be an indicator of exposure of a newborn to compounds to which the mother has been previously exposed. The main components of human milk are water (88%), proteins (3%), lipids (3%), and carbohydrates in the form of lactose (6%). At present, increasing attention is devoted to the determination of xenobioties in breath. This matrix, however, contains only volatile substances, whose analysis is not related to PLC applications. [Pg.195]

Animal experiments into the effect of ingestion of chryso-tile asbestos demonstrated an accumulation of cellular debris within the lumen of the ileum and colon consistent with cytotoxic changes of the mucosal lining cells (Jacobs etal., 1978). The question as to whether asbestos causes tumours in the gastrointestinal tract in humans is a topic of concern, however, the evidence remains equivocal (Levine, 1985). [Pg.251]

Bile acids The organic acids in bile contains sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate, cholesterol, biliverdin and bilirubin, mucus, fat, lecithin, and cells and cellular debris. [Pg.1561]

Monocytes A leukocyte that protects against blood-borne pathogens which rapidly moves to sites of infection in tissues. Monocytes consist of 3% to 8% of the leukocytes in the blood. In tissues, monocytes mature into different types of macrophages at different anatomic locations. Their main function is phagocytosis of foreign material, cellular debris, and pathogens that are not effectively controlled by neutrophils. [Pg.1571]

Bartl, MM, Luckenbach, T, Bergner, O, Ullrich, O, and Koch-Brandt, C, 2001. Multiple receptors mediate apoJ-dependent clearance of cellular debris into nonprofessional phagocytes. Exp Cell Res 111, 130-141. [Pg.339]

Upon completion of the homogenization step, cellular debris and any remaining intact cells can be removed by centrifugation or by microfiltration. As mentioned previously, these techniques are also used to remove whole cells from the medium during the initial stages of extracellular protein purification. [Pg.136]

Urine sediment Normal Casts, cellular debris Cellular debris... [Pg.865]

Cells from 3 x 800 mL induced culture broths were withdrawn and centrifuged at 12000g for 10 min at 4 °C. The pellet was resuspended with glycylglycine (Gly-Gly) buffer (100 mL, 50 him, 1 him DTT, pH 8.0) and the cells disrupted with a shot cell disrupter system (1.37 kbar). Cellular debris was removed by centrifugation at 12 OOOg for 30 min at 4 °C. [Pg.213]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.591 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.15 ]




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