Sorbitane fatty acid esters

A major pharmaceutical use of poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan fatty acid esters is in the solubilization of the oil-soluble vitamins A and D. In this way, multivitamin preparations can be made which combine both water- and oil-soluble vitamins in a palatable form. 

Emulsions of fatty- and petroleum-based substances, both oils and waxes, of the o/w type are made by using blends of sorbitan fatty esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives. Mixtures of poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monostearate (Polysorbate 60) and sorbitan monostearate are typical examples of blends used for lotions and creams. Both sorbitan fatty acid esters and their poly(oxyethylene) derivatives are particularly advantageous in cosmetic uses because of their very low skin irritant properties. Sorbitan fatty ester emulsifiers for w/o emulsions of mineral oil are used in hair preparations of both the lotion and cream type. Poly(oxyethylene(20)) sorbitan monolaurate is useflil in shampoo formulations (see Hairpreparations). Poly(oxyethylene) sorbitan surfactants are also used for solubilization of essential oils in the preparation of colognes and after-shave lotions. 

Ethoxylated Anhydrosorbitol Esters. Ethoxylation of sorbitan fatty acid esters leads to a series of more hydrophilic surfactants (Table 19). All hydroxyl groups of sorbitan can react with ethylene oxide. The stmcture of the principal component of a nominal polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate illustrates the composition of these products, where w x y z = 20. 

Typical commercial ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid esters are yellow Hquids, except tristearates and the 4- and 5-mol ethylene oxide adducts which are light tan soHds. These adducts, as well as the 20-mol adducts of the triesters, are insoluble but dispersible in water. The monoester 20-mol adducts are water soluble. Ethoxylated sorbitan esters are widely used as emulsifiers, antistatic agents, softeners, fiber lubricants, and solubilizers. In combination with the unethoxylated sorbitan esters or with mono- or diglycetides, these are often used as co-emulsrfiers. The ethoxylated sorbitan esters are produced by beating sorbitan esters with ethylene oxide at 130—170°C in the presence of alkaline catalysts. 

An oral dental riase geaeraHy coasists of water, alcohol, a humectant, an emulsifier, flavor, color, and an active agent. Water is the primary vehicle. The alcohol provides bite and is also a formulation aid. The humectant improves the feel ia the mouth and also prevents locking of the cap to the container between uses glycerin or noncrystaUiziag sorbitol may be satisfactory. The emulsifier is a nonionic type, for example, a polyoxyethylene—polyoxypropylene block copolymer or a polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester. Flavors are generally a type of mint or cinnamon. Colors are FD C or D C. 

Essentially, Tri-Act corrosion inhibitors are based on various combinations and ratios of different sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., sorbitan tristearate) and polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., POE... 

Polyoxy ethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters 544... 

Kakiuehi et al. [84] studied the adsorption properties of two types of nonionic surfactants, sorbitan fatty acid esters and sucrose alkanoate, at the water-nitrobenzene interface. These surfactants lower the interfacial capacity in the range of the applied potential with no sign of desorption. On the other hand, the remarkable adsorption-desorption capacity peak analogous to the adsorption peak seen for organic molecules at the mercury-electrolyte interface can be observed in the presence of ionic surfactants, such as triazine dye ligands for proteins [85]. 

Polysorbates (polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, refer to Fig. 3) are a mixture of molecules of varying sizes rather than a uniform mixture of a single chemical entity. All four official polysorbates (numbers 20,40, 60, and 80), listed in U.S. Pharma-copeia/National Formulary (USP/NF), contain 20 moles of oxyethylene. Polysorbates... 

Near infrared absorbers include cyanin compounds, pyrylium compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, and dithiol metal complexes. Antistatic agents include long chain alkyl alcohols and fatty acid esters with polyhydric alcohols. Stearyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol are the especially preferred compounds. Anti-fogging agents include sorbitan fatty acid esters and glycerin fatty acid esters. 

The commercial nonionic surfactants used in this study included two alcohol ethoxylates, Witconol SN120 (Witco Corp., New York NY) and Brij 35 (ICI, Wilmington, DE), and an ethoxylated sorbitan fatty acid ester, Tween 80 (ICI). Brij 35 was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO), while SN120 and Tween 80 were provided by their respective manufacturers. All surfactants were used as received. 

Atsurf Series Sorbitan fatty acid esters... 

Sorbitan fatty acid esters are produced by polymerization of ethylene oxide to sorbitan fatty acid esters. The resulting polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters are nonionic hydrophilic emulsifiers. They are used in bakery products as antistaling agents. They ate known as polysorbates with a number as indication of the type of fatty acid used (e.g., lauric, stearic, or oleic acid). 

HENKEL CORP. EMERY GROUP EMSORB Sorbitan Fatty Acid Esters ... 

EMSORB Sorbitan Fatty Acid Esters are lipophilic emulsifiers and coupling agents serving as integral components of emulsif-iable Industrial mold release agents, textile fiber and yarn lubricants, and textile finishing softeners. They are widely used as surfactants and functional components in many kinds of Industrial and household products. 

The chemicals may constitute a substantial portion of the finished textile. In many cases 10% or more of the fabric s final weight may derive from textile chemicals added to improve or enhance one or another of the fabric s properties. Representative raw materials employed for textile finishing applications are fatty alcohol ether sulfates, vinyl acetate-ethylene copolymers, hydrated alumina, alkylolamides, alkoxylates, chlorinated paraffins, alginates, sodium tripolyphosphates, sorbitan fatty acid esters, ethoxylated triglycerides, and silicones. 

Sorbitan fatty acid esters, whose hydrophilic head group does not show discernible complexation with ions, cause the lowering of interfacial tension in the entire... 

Several non-ionic surface-active materials have been developed as suppositories vehicles. Many of these bases, known as water-dispersible bases, can be used for the formulation of both water-soluble and oil-soluble drugs. The surfactants most commonly used are thepolyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (Tweens), the polyoxyethylene stearates, and the sorbitan fatty acidesters (Spans). These surfactants may be used alone, blended, or with other suppository base materials to yield a wide range of melting points and consistencies. 

A wide variety of this group of surfactants is commercially available. They include some of the Tritons (alkyl phenol additives, as far as they are non-ionic). Tweens (sorbitan fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene ethers). Spans (sorbitan fatty acid esters) and alkyl polyoxyethylenes (C Ej, where n and x stand for the number of CH2- or CH3-. and CHjO-groups in the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the molecule, respectively). Given our interest in the fundamentals we shall emphasize only the last-mentioned group, and only when n and x are sharply defined emd the two moieties are either linear or branched in a defined way. Unless specified otherwise, there is an OH-group at the end of the E-chain. Notwithstanding the non-ionic nature of these molecules, micelles sometimes appear to cany a (low) charge probably caused by preferential uptake of ionic species. 

Polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers polyethylene oxide polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters polyoxyethylene stearates suppository bases. 

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