Facilities and Locations

In explosive facilities and locations where the atmosphere may contain combustible dusts, or flammable vapors or gases, ferrous metal surfaces should not be coated with aluminum paint due to the potential sparking hazard. 

The Department of Defense (DOD) Fuel Cell Demonstration Program is managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It was begun in the mid-1990s to advance the use of PAFCs at DOD installations. Under this program, stationary fuel cells were installed at 30 facilities and locations in the Armed Services. The fuel cells are used for primary and backup power as well as heat. 

Cost curves of this type have been presented for petroleum refinery costs in the past. The curves presented herein have been adjusted to eliminate certain costs such as utilities, storage, offsite facilities, and location cost differentials. Separate data, included in indirect cost, provide the cost of these items. The facilities included have been defined in an attempt to improve accuracy. 

The top section provides information as to how the checklist is being used. The company, facility, and location are all identified. If some of the information for the checklists answers comes from discussions and interviews with personnel at the site, their names are entered here. The titles of all the documents that were reviewed are also entered in the top section of the checklist. 

Although asbestos is currently not being manufactured or installed in the United States, there are many facilities and locations where it still exists. Damaged or friable... 

Unit layout and location of facility relative to neighbors... 

From all these factors, it is clear that the approval and construction of major new industrial plants or expansions is a far more complicated operation than it has been in the past, even the recent past. Stringent environmental restric tions are hkely to preclude construction of certain facilities at locations where they otherwise might have been built. In other cases, acquisition of required approves mav generate a heated technical and pohtical debate that can drag out the regulatoiy process for several years. 

The air pollution problems associated with combustion of coal are of major concern. These problems generally occur away from the coal mine. The problems of atmospheric emissions due to mining, cleaning, handling, and transportation of coal from the mine to the user are of lesser sigruficance as far as the overall air pollution problems are concerned. Whenever coal is handled, particulate emission becomes a problem. The emissions can be either coal dust or inorganic inclusions. Control of these emissions can be relatively expensive if the coal storage and transfer facilities are located near residential areas. 

Showers and eye-wash facilities and respiratory protection should be conveniently located for emergencies. 

In addition, you must send a copy of the report to the State in which the facility is located ( State" refers to State of the U.S., the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Virgin Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and any other territory or possession over which the U.S. has jurisdiction). Refer to Appendix Q for the appropriate State address for your submission. If your facility is located on Indian land, send a copy to the Chief Executive Officer of the applicable Indian tribe. Some tribes have entered into a cooperative agreement with the State, in which this case. Form R submissions should be sent to the entity designated In the cooperative agreement. 

An auxiliary facility is one that supports another facility s activities (e.g., research and deveiopment iaboratories, warehouses, storage facilities, and waste-treatment facilities). An auxiliary facility can take on the SIC code of another covered facility if its primary function is to service that other covered facility s operations. Thus, a separate warehouse facility (i.e., one not located within the physical boundries of a covered facility) may become a covered facility because it services a facility in SIC codes 20-39. Auxiliary facilities that are in SIC codes 20-39 are required to report it they meet the employee criterion and chemical thresholds for manufacture, process, or use. Auxiliary establishments that are part of a multi-establishment facility must be factored into threshold determinations for the facility as a whole. 

Your facility is located in a semi-arid region of the United States which has an annual precipitation (including snowfall) of 12 inches of rain. (Snowfall should be converted to the equivalent inches of rain assume one foot of snow is equivalent to one inch of rain.) The area covered by your facility is 42 acres (about 170,000 square meters or 1,829,520 square feet). The area of your facility is 50 percent unimproved area, 10 percent asphaltic streets, and 40 percent concrete pavement. 

Siting, both location and layout, is critical for inherently safer plants. Evaluate siting with respect to the risk imposed by the process on the population, environment, adjacent facilities, and community. These evaluations apply to small revisions as well as major new processes. 

To determine the appropriate injection rate, a field test should first be performed at one of the industry-sponsored full-scale loop test facilities. The optimum mixture, its injection rate, and location of injcciioii points will be a function of flow geometry, fluid properties, pressure leinpcrature relationships, etc., that will be encountered in the actual field application. The appropriate injection rate and location of injection jii iiiis can be determined from this test by observing pressure increases, which indicate that hydrate plugs are forming. 

The relief valve must be installed so that gases are routed to a sale location. In small facilities and remote locations this is accomplished with a simple tail pipe, which points the discharge vertically upvsard anlower flammable limit in approximately 120 pipe diameters. Liquids may fall back on the equipment. 

In large facilities and offshore platforms where the escaping gases and liquids could present a source of pollution or ignition, it is common to route the relief valve discharges into a common header that discharges at a remote safe location. Often a vent scrubber is installed in this header to separate the bulk of the liquids and to minimize the possibility of liquid discharges to atmosphere. 

Many producing facilities are located offshore or in other environmentally sensitive areas. In these areas, the use of dry (versus liquid-filled) transformers will eliminate the necessity of providing curbing and other containment systems to prevent pollution. Dry transformers are normally preferred for most production facility applications. Liquid-filled transformers should be considered, however, for high voltage and large units (particularly over several hundred kVA). 

Customer" Expectations. Keep in mind that the output of your PSM systems design must address the needs of a range of "customers," including senior management, facility and other operating personnel, and the PSM team itself. As you approach designing the PSM system, you may want to revisit their expectations. Systems will also have to reflect issues such as plant size, location, type of operation, and types and quantities of materials used. 

The effect of transportation facilities and rates on plant loeation can be a controlling factor in plant siting. Industries such as the plaslie industry, which must deliver many small shipments to various users in the minimum amount of lime, find setting the location near the majority of users mandatory. ... 

MHD programs in the United States are concentrated in two major facilities. A Component Development and Integration Facility is located in Butte, Montana, and a Coal Fired Flow Facility at the University of Tennessee to studies coal fired MHD, slag processing, seed handling and downstream systems. 

OTEC power plants can be located either onshore or at sea. The electricity generated can be transmitted to shore by electrical cables, or used on site for the manufacture of electricity-intensive products or fuels (such as hydrogen). For OTEC plants situated on shore to be economical, the floor of the ocean must drop off to great depths very quickly. This is necessary because a large portion of the electricity generated by an OTEC system is used internally to pump the cold water up from the depths of the ocean. The longer the cold water pipe, the more electricity it takes to pump the cold water to the OTEC facility, and the lower the net electrical output of the power plant. 

Generation data to complement the planning study were plentiful. As long as the utilities owned the physical facilities and were in control of future facility expansion, data were generally a nonissue. The parameters of generating plants were dialed into the calculations or computers, similar to transmission. Obviously, alternate locations for new plants could be evaluated, and oftentimes studies were finalized some ten years ahead of construction, with only limited analysis required as the in-seivicc date approached. 

The technical administration office needs to be quiet, clean, and central to the facilities that it administers. Hence, it should be located in the central area between the service and repair shops. This is remote from the dirty washing facility and the noisy body shop while providing good access to the gate. 

Example The auxiliary functions in Figure 51.9 are identified as those work elements performed by the craftsper-son which are part of the job, but which are not apparent after the work is completed. These include such functions as job planning by the craftsman, travel time, obtaining materials, and miscellaneous get-ready and clean-up work. The auxiliary time is affected by the physical facilities involved, such as facility layout, location of shops, degree of material delivery, and so forth. If sufficient studies are taken, the auxiliary work can be related to the direct work and ratios determined for each craft by type of work. 

An inventory that includes the amount, nature, and location of any hazardous or extremely hazardous chemical present at a facility in an amount equal to or greater than its assigned threshold level . 

Despite the significant encroachment of RO and EDI technologies into the premium end of the higher purity water market, there is no doubt that IX remains the most versatile purification technology available. It has by far the longest track record, being perhaps a century old. It is also a robust technology, often the best choice for use in remote boiler plant locations or where maintenance facilities and support services are limited. 

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