Flow facilities

MHD programs in the United States are concentrated in two major facilities. A Component Development and Integration Facility is located in Butte, Montana, and a Coal Fired Flow Facility at the University of Tennessee to studies coal fired MHD, slag processing, seed handling and downstream systems. 

A polymer of the polyacrylamide type was injected as a 0.5% solution from an axially-placed nozzle at the bellmouth entrance. The experiments showed that the central thread provided drag reduction almost equivalent to premixed solutions of the same total polymer concentration flowing in the pipe. Overall concentrations of 1, 2, 4, and 20 ppm were used. Moreover, the effects were additive 2 ppm thread overall concentration plus 2 ppm premixed gave drag reductions equivalent to 4 ppm of either type. Reynolds numbers of up to 300,000 were investigated. In other experiments, a number of different polymer fluids were injected on the centerline of a water pipe-flow facility [857]. Two distinct flow regions were identified ... 

At an ASME-approved flow facility, a total of 9 valves of a particular valve design or range are flow tested at 10% overpressure above set pressure. They select three valve sizes and three set pressures. This way they establish the KD factor of each test valve, considering the flow conditions and each measured orifice area. 

Baumann has also made heat flux measurements using thermographic phosphors.Wind tunnel models made of three different materials (steel, Macor glass ceramic, and Norcoat 4000 silicone elastomer), all of which had thin coatings of Y202S Eu (0.15%) applied, were monitored during blow-down tests in a hypersonic flow facility. The response time of the measurement system was typically less than 200 msec, and the values of the heat flux measurements obtained with... 

At the other end of the material flow, facilities need proper provisions for the collection and disposal of all kinds of wastes, e.g. animal waste and refuse or contaminated water, soil, or other spent materials. If such waste cannot be disposed immediately provision has also to be made for safe sanitary storage of such waste before removal, by appropriate transportation procedures. 

Gutmark We will compare cold- and hot-flow measurements to gain understanding. The cold-flow and hot-flow facilities are identical and will be run in parallel. We can always learn from cold-flow studies. Next, we will study reacting flow fuel mixedness, flow field, what creates stabilities and their effects, etc. 

Gutmark I think it should work fine. On campus, we use a cold-flow facility with water but can change the vaporization rate. Off campus, we can perform any combination of variables. 

Determination of the volumetric flow rate of a pipe flow requires only a measurement of average flow velocity. Both Doppler and cross-correlation flowmeters provide such an averaged flow rate measurement. Designs and performance of the two types of flowmeters are described here. Results from calibration tests conducted at an Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) flow facility and prototype instrument demonstration tests at coal-conversion pilot plants are presented. 

Customer Relationship 2121 7.5. Product Flow Facility Structure ... 

The information flow facility structure is key. The kind of information passed among supply chain members and the frequency of information updating has a strong influence on the efficiency of the supply chain. This may well be the first component integrated across part or all of the supply chain. 

Product flow facility structure refers to the network structure for sourcing, manufacturing, and distribution across the supply chain. With reductions in inventory, fewer warehouses would be needed. Inventory is necessary in the system, but some supply chain members may keep a disproportionate amount of inventory. Since it is less expensive to have unfinished or semifinished goods in inventory than finished goods, upstream members may bear more of this burden. Rationalizing the supply chain network has implications for aU members. 

The experimental facility and instrumentation are shown in Fig. 1. The flow facility consists of a vertical 2.5 cm diameter, 15 cm long Pyrex glass test cell mounted beneath a low-pressure reservoir of volume 0.27 m. The test cell is sealed by an aluminum foil diaphragm, which is ruptured by pneumatically driven knife blades. The test cell is surrounded by a liquid-filled jacket with flat windows. This serves two purposes to eliminate the cylindrical lens effect of the test liquid (by choosing a jacket liquid with a refractive index similar to that of the test liquid) and to provide temperature control (by circulating the jacket liquid through a heat exchanger). 

Product flow facility structure, including sourcing, manufacturing, and distribution... 

In the course of studies toward the development of an electronic transition chemical NF laser, that is, production of high densities of electronically excited NF radicals, scale-up studies of NF(a) in a subsonic laser device [20, 27] and in a combustor-driven flow facility [2, 3] succeeded in steady-state densities of about 10 " molecules/cm and thus in an increase by a factor of 10" over earlier flow-tube studies [28]. Scaling to even larger concentrations of about 6x10 molecules/cm was demonstrated in a supersonic flow [29]. For a reasonable laser gain, however, densities on the order of 10 molecules/cm would be required because of the long radiative lifetime of NF(a) [2, p. 109]. This estimate, however, was based on t(a A) 0.7 s which is smaller than the more recent value by a factor of 8 (cf. p. 287). 

Grille, Kats, and Muratov have recently used the new dedicated stopped-flow facility, located on the SANS instrument D22 at ILL, to investigate the micelle-to-vesicle transformation of AOT in aqueous solution upon direct mixing with solutions of salts such as NaCl, NaBr, KCl, and KBr. It was shown that the overall process is quite slow but intensity changes can be monitored over a total period of more than 5 h. The dead time of the stopped-flow instrument used is a few milliseconds, but the main limiting factor is the time needed... 

The NOKO facility imbedded in the matrix of two-phase-flow facilities in western Europe... 

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