Emissions atmospheric

Briggs, G. A., "Diffusion Estimation for Small Emissions." Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Laboratory, Contribution File No. 79. (draft). Oak Ridge, TN, 1973. 

Banin A., Lawless J.G., Whitten R.C. Global N20 cycles - Terrestrial emissions, atmospheric accumulation and biospheric effects. Adv Space Res 1984 4 207-216. 

Time Period Fossil Fuel Emissions Atmospheric Increase Oceanic Uptake + Terrestrial Net Balance ... 

A vapor pressure of 4.5><10 mm Hg at 20 °C has been reported (DCMA 1989). Prior to OSHA 1974 regulations, benzidine and 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine were manufactured in open systems that permitted atmospheric releases of suspended particles at the work site (Shriner et al. 1978), but no historical data were located specifically for 3,3 -dichlorobenzidine emissions (atmospheric or in water). The absence of data may be attributed to analytical methods used at that time that could not distinguish benzidine from its derivatives or many other aromatic amines (Shriner et al. 1978). Under OSHA regulations adopted in 1974, only closed manufacturing systems are permitted, and atmospheric emissions are presumably reduced because of this regulation. 

For complex mixtures that are virtually unavailable for testing as a whole (such as workplace atmospheres, coke oven emissions, atmospheres at waste sites) the top-ten approach as mentioned above is suggested. 

Antarctic air, hydrogen peroxide determination, 648 Anthocyanins, TEARS assay, 667 Anthracene, primary ozonides, 723-4 Anthropogenic emissions atmosphere, 604, 605 hydrogen peroxide, 626 Antibodies, hydrogen peroxide determination, 1315... 

Grosjean, D., Formic Acid and Acetic Acid Emissions, Atmospheric Formation, and Dry Deposition at Two Southern California Locations, Atmos. Environ., 26A, 3279-3286(1992). 

Based on direct spectroscopic measurements of OH radical concentrations at close to ground level, peak daytime OH radical concentrations are typically (3-10) x 106 molecule cm-3 (see, for example, Brauers et al., 1996 Mather et al., 1997 Mount et al., 1997). A diur-nally, seasonally, and annually averaged global tropospheric OH radical concentration has been derived from the emissions, atmosphere concentrations, and OH radical reaction rate constant for methyl chloroform (CH3CC13), resulting in a 24-hr average OH radical concentration of 9.7 x 10s molecule cm 3 (Prinn et al., 1995). 

Hays M.D., Fine P.M., Geron C.D., Kleeman M.J., and Gullett B.K. (2005). Open burning of agricultural biomass Physical and chemical properties of particle-phase emissions. Atmospheric Environment, 39(36), 6747-6764. 

Wauben W.M.F. Van Velthoven P.F.J. and Kelder H. (1997). 3d chemistry transport model study of changes in atmospheric ozone due to aircraft-NO emissions. Atmospheric Environment, 31(12), 1819-1836. 

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer requires each signatory nation to reduce its production and consumption of the CFCs 11, 12, 113, 114 and 115 to 80% of their 1986 levels by 1993 and to 50% by 1998. Figure 8 shows that production levels of the first three of these has indeed fallen dramatically since 1988, according to data reported in Reference 109 by the major industrial producers. However, the Montreal measures will have little effect on the current levels of stratospheric CFCs, which would still continue to rise for many years, as illustrated by Figure 9 for the example of CFC-12. It would be necessary to impose an 85% reduction in order to stabilize atmospheric concentrations at their 1989 level110. Even with a total cessation of CFC emission atmospheric concentrations will not be restored to their pre-1960 levels until well... 

Wong, E, Alegria, H. A., Jantunen, L., Bidleman, T. F., Salvador-Figueroa, M., Gold-Bouchot, G., et al. Organochlorine pesticides in soils and air of southern Mexico chemical prohles and potential for soil emissions. Atmospheric Environment, 42 7737-7745 (2008). 

The development of these modelling systems is usually focused on the scientific and technical features of emission, atmospheric flow and pollutant dispersion models, while comparatively little attention is devoted to the connection of different models. Meteorological and AQ models often employ different coordinate systems and computational meshes. In principle, interfaces should simply solve this grid system mismatch to connect MetMs output and AQ models input with minimum possible data handling. 

National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP). (1990). Acidic Deposition State of Science and Technology. Vol. I. Emissions, Atmospheric Processes, and Deposition. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 

If all uncertainties like initial spatial distribution of NSs, their kick velocity distribution, characteristics of emission (atmospheric effects etc.), mass spectrum of NSs are fixed, then Log N - Log S distribution of close-by NSs can be a powerful tool to put constraints on models of thermal evolution of NSs. 

However, no published literature is available for heavy metal contents contributed by Jua Kali enterprises to the environment. The results of this study will help the National Environmental and Management Authority (NEMA) to set control measures to reduce pollution due to heavy metals released from such sites to water bodies. The mushrooming of Jua Kali metallurgical enterprises in major towns in Kenya is of a major concern as they do not observe or adhere to any strict control in their discharges through effluents, emissions (atmospheric) and solid waste disposal with respect to these metals.The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence that Jua Kali enterprises are a point source of heavy metals to the environment and therefore to recommend that mitigation measures should be put in place to control such pollution. 

Asman WAH, Sutton MA, Schjorring JK. 1998. Ammonia Emission, atmospheric transport and deposition. NewPhytol 139(l) 27-48. 

Hicks, B. B., Draxler, R. R., Dodge, M., Hales, J. M., Albitton, D. L., Schwartz, S. E., Meyers, T. P, Fehsenfeld, F. C., Tanner, R. L., and Vong, R. J. (1991) Atmospheric process research and process model development, in Acidic Deposition State of Science and Technology, Vol. I Emissions, Atmospheric Processes, and Deposition. U.S. National Acid Precipitation Program, Washington, DC. 

Balthasar M. and M. Frenklach (2005) Detailed kinetic soot modeling of soot aggregate formation in laminar premixed flames. Combustion and Flame 140, 130-145 Bange, H. W. (2006) The importance of oceanic nitrons oxide emissions. Atmospheric Environment 40, 198-199... 

Moller, D. (1984a) On the global natural sulphur emission. Atmospheric Environment 18, 29-39... 

Penner, J. E., H. Eddleman and T. Novakov (1993) Towards the development of a global inventory of black carbon emissions. Atmospheric Environment 27, 1277-1295 Penner, I E. (1995) Carbonaceous aerosols influencing atmospheric radiation Black and organic carbon. In Aerosol forcing of climate (Eds. R. J. Charlson and J. Heintzenberg). John Whey Sons, Chichester, pp. 1-108... 

Decomposition of organic matter, release from oceans, fossil-fuel combustion Decomposition of organic matter, industrial processes, fossil-fuel combustion Decomposition of organic matter, natural-gas seepage, livestock emissions Atmospheric electrical discharges, internal combustion en es, combustion of organic matter... 

The concentration of vanadium in natural waters (sea and river) has been found to be very low and in the range of 0.5-2.5 j,g/liter [14], The principle dissolved species in seawater appears to be V02(0H)3 [15]. Environmental mobilization of vanadium and its compounds occurs by a number of means in the net transport of vanadium into the oceans. Some of these transport processes include terrestrial runoff, industrial emissions, atmospheric washout (vanadium in the air comes only from human activity, as there are no significant natural sources), and river transport and oil spills, resulting in a complex ecological cycle [16]. 

Atmospheric chemistry is a subject which focuses on the chemical composition of the Earth s atmosphere, and the underlying physical and chemical phenomena which control the sources of chemical species from anthropogenic and natural emissions. Atmospheric chemistry comprises a vast number of reactions occurring through a variety of intermediates and transition states. These reactions involve sequential or concerted reaction mechanisms and give rise to new products which may be harmless, harmful or even hazardous to life on Earth. The characteristics of such reactions are elucidated using experimental, theoretical and modeling approaches. 

Once critical load estimates are available it may be of interest to produce critical load maps. It is possible that such maps will be particularly useful in comparison with rates of acid deposition, in order to see the balance between the two and also where most effort is required to limit and control depositions so that ecosystems (and eventually buildings and structures, and human health) can be protected. In fact, as already indicated, such activities may form the basis of linking fuel use and other acid emitting processes, S and N emissions, atmospheric transport and deposition to cost-effective abatement procedures, in a cost-optimized way, to produce coordinated abatement strategies. 

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