Dibutyl phthalate production

Camphor, dibutyl phthalate [84-74-2], and other Hpidic solvents are common plastici2ers. Nad lacquers requite the presence of a suspending agent because pigments have a tendency to settle. Most tinted lacquers contain a suitable flocculating agent, such as stearalkonium hectorite, a reaction product of hectorite [12173 6-6] and stearalkonium chloride [122-19-0],... 

Plasticisers are sometimes added to the polymer, dibutyl phthalate being commonly employed in quantities of the order of 5%. Use in moulding powders will enhance the melt flow but somewhat reduce the mechanical properties of the finished product. 

Other chemicals that are common in different RSL are phthalates. Phthalates are usually used as softening agents in plastics to obtain the required flexibility. The most common phthalates included on restriction lists for the leather industry are bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di- isononyl phthalate (DINP), D- isodecyl phthalate (DIDP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP). All these chemicals are included on the SVHC list (Candidate List), and currently (2012) there is a proposal to restrict the placing of products containing DEHP, BBP and DBP on the market in the EU. 

Figure 12.11 shows the pyrograms of vinyl paints from two monochromes by the Italian artist Piero Manzoni. The two paints are clearly different in composition acetic acid (peak 1) and benzene (peak 2) are present as common markers of the PVAc binder in both cases, but sample (a) contains dibutyl phthalate (peak 6) as external plasticizer. Peak 5 was recognized as bis(2-methylpropyl)-phthalate which is formed from dibutylphthalate isomerization, while butyl acetate (peak 3) and butyl benzoate (peak 4) are secondary products of recombination reactions occurring during the pyrolysis. Sample (b), however,... 

P.R.184 affords a red which is somewhat on the bluish side of P.R.146, to which it is closely related in terms of chemical constitution. Both products also behave very similarly in application. Their prints are fast to soap, butter, paraffin, dibutyl phthalate, white spirit, and toluene. P.R.184 produces a shade which matches that of the standard magenta for multicolor printing on the European Color Scale CIE 12-66. This shade results from formulating an ink at 15% pigment concentration and printing the ink in a standard layer (1 pm). 

In terms of stability to organic solvents, P.Br.23 performs like other red pigments within its class. It is thus somewhat inferior to the yellow products. Regarding fastness to various ketones, esters, and alcohols, as well as to dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate, P.Br.23 equals step 3 1 and step 4, respectively, on the 5 step scale. P.Br.23 is broad in scope, but its main field of application is in plastics. 

Stalling and coworkers (11) studied the metabolism of DEHP and dibutyl phthalate by channel catfish liver microsomes. They found that the respective monoesters and more polar metabolites were produced, but that DEHP was metabolized to a much lesser extent than dibutyl phthalate. Additional studies (Table V) showed that the production of the respective monoesters was unaffected by the presence of NADPH, but that the production of more polar metabolites is very dependent upon NADPH. The reasons for the apparent lack of a requirement for oxygen are unclear... 

Many cosmetics manufacturers have used the lower phthalates (diethyl phthalate, dimethyl and dibutyl phthalates) for many years as solvents and diluents in perfumes. On the whole, the cosmetic industry is able to innovate guickly because cosmetic products have a relatively short life cycle this provides short to medium-term opportunities to formulate out the problem ingredients in the next version of the product. Raw materials come at different costs and to reformulate-out chemicals of concern may result in a temporary increase in material cost. However, as more companies switch to alternatives, economies of scale are realised and the price will fall. ... 

Butanol, which at one time was an unwanted by-product in the preparation of acetone, is now the most important product of the fermentation. The building of a large new factory in Puerto Rico using 10,000 tons of molasses per annum for its production is an indication of this importance. Butanol is probably still the best solvent for cellulose nitrate lacquers. Dibutyl phthalate is certainly the most widely used plasticizer for synthetic resins, and butyl oleate, tributyl citrate and dibutyl tartrate have also been described as plasticizers. Another important use of butanol is as a source of butadiene, which serves as an intermediate in the conversion of sucrose into a synthetic rubber. Although in recent years other methods have been described for the preparation of butanol (for example, from ethyl alcohol and from acetylene), yet the fermentation of carbohydrates is still the cheapest process. 

Diphenyl carbonate from dimethyl carbonate and phenol Dibutyl phthalate from butanol and phthalic acid Ethyl acetate from ethanol and butyl acetate Recovery of acetic acid and methanol from methyl acetate by-product of vinyl acetate production Nylon 6,6 prepolymer from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine MTBE from isobutene and methanol TAME from pentenes and methanol Separation of close boiling 3- and 4-picoline by complexation with organic acids Separation of close-boiling meta and para xylenes by formation of tert-butyl meta-xyxlene Cumene from propylene and benzene General process for the alkylation of aromatics with olefins Production of specific higher and lower alkenes from butenes... 

Dibutyl phthalate should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry, location. Containers may be hazardous when empty since they can contain product residues such as vapors and liquids. 

For spray coating, polymer solutions and dispersions should be diluted with suitable solvents. Some products need the addition of a plasticizer such as dibutyl sebacate, dibutyl phthalate, glyceryl triacetate, or polyethylene glycol. Different types of plasticizer may be mixed to optimize the polymer properties for special requirements. 

Xenoestrogens, exhibiting a wide molecular diversity, are found in a number of cosmetic products, such as plasticizers, perfume fixatives, and solvents (e.g., dibutyl phthalate), industrial chemicals and pollutants such as insecticides (e.g., methoxychlor, DDT, and DDE), epoxy resins, and polycarbonate (e.g., bisphenol A), and herbicides (e.g., simazine). This group of chemicals has been classified as environmental endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs), defined as exogenous agents that interfere with the synthesis, transport, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones in the body that are responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis, reproduction, development, and/or behavior. A list of representative chemicals is shown in Table 1 based on commercial usage. 

Safety Commission Consumer Products Copper (Cu) Corrosives Corticosteroids Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Cotinine Coumarins Creosote Cresols Cromolyn Cumene Cumulative Risk Assessment Cyanamide Cyanide Cyanogen Chloride Cyclodienes Cyclohexamide Cyclohexane Cyclohexene Cyclophosphamide Cyclosporine Cyfluthrin Cypermethrin Cysteine Cytochrome P-450 "2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid)" Limonene Dalapon DDT/DDE/DDD Decane DEBT (Diethyltoluamide) DEE Deferoxamine DEHP (Di-Ethyl Hexyl Phthalate) Delaney Clause Deltamethrin Deodorants Detergent Developmental Toxicology Dextromethorphan Diazepam Diazinon Diazoxide Dibenzofuran " Dib enz [a, h] anthracene" Dibromochloropropane Dibutyl phthalate Dicamba Dichlone Dichlorobenzene Dichloroethanes "Dichloroethylene, 1,1-"... 

Morflex 190 is FDA approved for direct food contact. This product contains <10% Dibutyl phthalate which is a SARA 313 reportable compound. 

Injectable drag products are often pre-packed into vials that are inserted into syringe barrels for delivery into the patient. In some cases, the vials contain contaminants. In one instance, the drag in this vial was found to contain acetophenone, dibutyl phthalate, stearic acid, and myristic acid, none of which are components of the drag formulation. These substances each have negative health implications and are regulated for various applications. 

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