Lacquers cellulose nitrate

See also Cellulose nitrates Cellulose nitrate lacquers, 5 403—404 Cellulose nitrate photography supports, 19 197... 

Butanol, which at one time was an unwanted by-product in the preparation of acetone, is now the most important product of the fermentation. The building of a large new factory in Puerto Rico using 10,000 tons of molasses per annum for its production is an indication of this importance. Butanol is probably still the best solvent for cellulose nitrate lacquers. Dibutyl phthalate is certainly the most widely used plasticizer for synthetic resins, and butyl oleate, tributyl citrate and dibutyl tartrate have also been described as plasticizers. Another important use of butanol is as a source of butadiene, which serves as an intermediate in the conversion of sucrose into a synthetic rubber. Although in recent years other methods have been described for the preparation of butanol (for example, from ethyl alcohol and from acetylene), yet the fermentation of carbohydrates is still the cheapest process. 

Nitrocellulose (cellulose nitrate) lacquers are a mixture of binders (nitrocellulose and resins), plasticizers, and (optionally) pigments dissolved/dispersed in organic solvents. The nonvolatile components are ... 

The compositions of cellulose nitrate lacquers are summarized in Table 2.1. 

Vinyl Acetate Copolymers. Copolymerization of vinyl acetate with other monomers allows specific improvement of certain properties. Copolymers generally exhibit a broader compatibility than the homopolymer. For example, softer, permanently flexible polymers with a lower water uptake and higher alkali resistance are obtained by polymerizing vinyl acetate with vinyl laurate. On account of their thermoplastic properties these copolymers are used in heat-sealable finishes on paper, cardboard, and aluminum foil. In cellulose nitrate lacquers they increase adhesion, lightfastness, and the body fullness of the paint film. They can also be used for priming coats and for stabilizing porous or absorbent substrates. 

Toluene [108-88-3] is mainly used in cellulose nitrate lacquers in heat-curing paints based on urea-, melamine-, or phenol - formaldehyde resins in alkyd resin paints and in paints based on chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, polyacrylates, or poly(vinyl acetate). Mixtures of toluene with esters are used to dissolve vinyl chloride copolymers and postchlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) [14.265]. 

Isobutanol prevents blushing in drying paint films, and also improves flow and gloss. When added in amounts of 5 to 10% it reduces the viscosity of oil-based paints, alkyd paints, and cellulose nitrate lacquers. Isobutanol can replace butanol as a moistening agent for cellulose nitrate. It is also used in the production of spirit varnishes and printing inks, and as a raw material for the production of plasticizers. 

Diisobutyl ketone is used as a high boiler in cellulose nitrate lacquers. It acts as a leveling agent and has outstanding properties as a solvent for cellulose nitrate emulsion lacquers used to coat leather. Diisobutyl ketone is used as a solvent for vinyl chloride copolymers and as a dispersant for poly(vinyl chloride) organosols. It also serves as an extracting agent and feedstock for chemical syntheses. 

Isobutyl acetate has a higher volatility and lower flash point than butyl acetate, and is therefore used in the production of quick-drying cellulose nitrate lacquers. On account of its low water content it can be used as a solvent and diluent for polyurethane paints. Isobutyl acetate is used as a viscosity-reducing auxiliary solvent in low-solvent paints. 

Uses Urea-fomialdehyde for low-odor acid-curable finishes, baking finishes, food containei pkg. stabilizer, gloss aid in cellulose nitrate lacquers... 

Uses Urea-formaldehyde for highly reactive, rapid drying acid-curable and baking finishes, electrostatic spray finishes, surf, coatings for food containers/pkg. stabilizer, gloss aid for cellulose nitrate lacquers Regulatory Germany approved for food containers and pkg. 

Definition Exuded oleoresin from Shorea trees Properties Wh. to dk. brn. solid sol. in aromatic, hydrocarbon, and chlorinated hydrocarbon soivs. and esters partly sol. in alcohols insol. in water dens. 1.08 kg/l m.p. 110 C acid no. 20-35 Uses Colorless and overprint varnishes gloss aid, adhesion promoter in cellulose nitrate lacquers alkyd baking enamels binder in paper varnishes paper and textile coatings emulsifier stabilizer food applies. vise, control agent diluent in food colorants in food-pkg. adhesives in food-contact coatings in cellophane for food pkg. 

Cellulose nitrate also finds use in surface coatings, which have their origins in the previously mentioned collodion. A tremendous growth of cellulose nitrate lacquers, especially for finishing automobiles, occurred immediately after the First World War. Cellulose nitrate lacquers continue to be of importance as furniture finishes but automobile finishes are now largely based on acrylic polymers (Section 6.9). 

Cellulosenitratlack cellulose nitrate lacquer Niveauschalter level switch nivellieren leveling... 

ZeUglas, Cellulosehydrat (Regeneratcellulose), CeUophan cellulose nitrate CeUulosenitrat cellulose nitrate lacquer Cellulosenitratlack,... 

The use of alkydes with cellulose nitrate in lacquers resulted in the remarkable growth of cellulose nitrate lacquers. Compatibility of alkyds with cellulose nitrate extends up to 55% oil modification. However, the best compatibility is with short-oil alkyds that have a high degree of polarity from ester and excess hydroxyl groups. 

In automotive finish coats, the alkyd-aminoplast resin enamels had better initial luster than cellulose nitrate lacquers, and greater resistance to road-tar stain and to chalking or exterior exposure, particularly in the areas receiving much ultraviolet light. The relative advantages, however, varied greatly from one pigment to another. 

Uses Coloriess and overprint varnishes gloss aid, adhesion promoter in cellulose nitrate lacquers alkyd baking enamels binder in paper varnishes paper and textile coalings emulsifier stabilizer food applies. vise, control agent diluent in food colorants in fbod-pkg. adhesives in food-contact coalings in cellophane for food... 

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