Derivatives ethoxylated

Secondary alcohols, produced previously in small quantities from linear paraffin oxidation, have today almost disappeared from the market. The difficulties in producing the corresponding derivatives (ethoxylates, etc.) were a major drawback for their potential development. 

Surface active compounds are often effective to potentiate the activity of the microbiddes. It is observed that the lower the content of volatile organic carbon in a paint the more important is the formulation of a preservative to transport the active ingredient to the location within the multiphase system where it is needed. Frequently, an optimum balance of membrane-activity and reactivity of the second active ingredient against microorganisms in complex matrices has to be found. It can be demonstrated that surface active compounds [II, 18.] like e.g. quaternary ammonium salts, fatty amine derivatives, ethoxylated alcohols or dodecylbenzene sulfonic add potentiates the activity of bactericides like BIT, MIT. 

Chem. Descrip. Oxazoline deriv., ethoxylated Ionic Nature Nonionic CAS 95706-86-8... 

Regulatory Canada DSL Trade Names Alkaterge -T Oxazolidine A. See Dimethyl oxazolidine Oxazoline deriv., ethoxylated. See 2,2 [(2-Heptadecyl-4(5H)-oxazoli-dine)bis(methyleneoxy-2,1-ethanediyloxy)]bi-s-ethanol... 

The product secondary alcohols from paraffin oxidation are converted to ethylene oxide adducts (alcohol ethoxylates) which are marketed by Japan Catalytic Chemical and BP Chemicals as SOFTANOL secondary alcohol ethoxylates. Union Carbide Chemical markets ethoxylated derivatives of the materials ia the United States under the TERGlTOL trademark (23). 

Catalytic oxidation ia the presence of metals is claimed as both nonspecific and specific for the 6-hydoxyl depending on the metals used and the conditions employed for the oxidation. Nonspecific oxidation is achieved with silver or copper and oxygen (243), and noble metals with bismuth and oxygen (244). Specific oxidation is claimed with platinum at pH 6—10 ia water ia the presence of oxygen (245). Related patents to water-soluble carboxylated derivatives of starch are Hoechst s on the oxidation of ethoxylated starch and another on the oxidation of sucrose to a tricarboxyhc acid. AH the oxidations are specific to primary hydroxyls and are with a platinum catalyst at pH near neutraUty ia the presence of oxygen (246,247). Polysaccharides as raw materials ia the detergent iadustry have been reviewed (248). 

A significant use of ethoxylated and propoxylated amines is as antistatic agents (qv) in the textile and plastics industry (86). Ethoxylates are also used in the agricultural area as adjuvants. Ethoxylated fatty amines and derivatives are available from Akzo Chemicals Inc. (Ethomeen) (73) Henkel Corporation (Trymeen) (87) GAE Chemicals Corporation (RhcJ)ne Poulenc) (Katapol) (88) Jetco Chemicals Inc. (The Procter Gamble Company) (fet Amine) (75) Mazer Chemicals (PPG Industries) (Mazeen) (89) Sherex (Adogen) (76) and Tomah Products (Exxon Chemical Company) (Tomah E) (77). 

Photopolymerizable compositions based on monomeric acryflc or other ethylenicaHy unsaturated acid derivatives are becoming increasingly popular. When multiftmctional derivatives are employed, three-dimensional networks having high strength and abrasion resistance are possible on exposure to light. A typical composition may contain an ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate monomer, a perester phenacjhdene initiator (69), and an acryflc acid—alkyl methacrylate copolymer as binder. 

Fats, Oils, or Fatty Acids. The primary products produced direcdy from fats, oils, or fatty acids without a nitrile iatermediate are the quatemized amidoamines, imidazolines, and ethoxylated derivatives (Fig. 3). Reaction of fatty acids or tallow with various polyamines produces the iatermediate dialkylarnidoarnine. By controlling reaction conditions, dehydration can be continued until the imidazoline is produced. Quaternaries are produced from both amidoamines and imidazolines by reaction with methyl chloride or dimethyl sulfate. The amidoamines can also react with ethylene oxide (qv) to produce ethoxylated amidoamines which are then quaternized. 

Polyoxyethylene Surfactants. Polyoxyethylene-solubilized nonionics (ethoxylates) were iatroduced ia the United States as textile chemicals shordy before 1940. The solubiUty of these compounds derives from recurring ether linkages ia a polyoxyethylene chain... 

Ethoxylation of alkyl amine ethoxylates is an economical route to obtain the variety of properties required by numerous and sometimes smaH-volume industrial uses of cationic surfactants. Commercial amine ethoxylates shown in Tables 27 and 28 are derived from linear alkyl amines, ahphatic /-alkyl amines, and rosin (dehydroabietyl) amines. Despite the variety of chemical stmctures, the amine ethoxylates tend to have similar properties. In general, they are yellow or amber Hquids or yellowish low melting soHds. Specific gravity at room temperature ranges from 0.9 to 1.15, and they are soluble in acidic media. Higher ethoxylation promotes solubiUty in neutral and alkaline media. The lower ethoxylates form insoluble salts with fatty acids and other anionic surfactants. Salts of higher ethoxylates are soluble, however. Oil solubiUty decreases with increasing ethylene oxide content but many ethoxylates with a fairly even hydrophilic—hydrophobic balance show appreciable oil solubiUty and are used as solutes in the oil phase. 

In addition to copolymerisation, polyethylenes terrninated as ketones, alcohols, and carboxyHc acids with molecular weights as high as 700 daltons are now available. The products offer the same chemical functionaHty as common fatty alcohols and acids, but are higher melting and harder. Similar to the fatty alcohols and acids, derivatives such as ethoxylates, esters, and amides also are available as higher melting versions of the fatty derivatives. 

Mixtures containing sulfated castor oil were used to increase the lubricity of water base drilling fluids (123). Sulfated castor oil is also used in dishwashing compounds as a hand softener. A typical cleaning composition contains sodium dodecylben2ene sulfonate, sulfated castor oil, ethanol, and water. A sulfated derivative of castor oil is used as a dispersant for plaster of Paris, reducing the water needed to form a plastic slurry (124). Pesticide emulsions can be stabilized using ethoxylated castor oil (125). 

Many similar hydrocarbon duids such as kerosene and other paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oils and vegetable oils such as linseed oil [8001-26-17, com oil, soybean oil [8001-22-7] peanut oil, tall oil [8000-26-4] and castor oil are used as defoamers. Liquid fatty alcohols, acids and esters from other sources and poly(alkylene oxide) derivatives of oils such as ethoxylated rosin oil [68140-17-0] are also used. Organic phosphates (6), such as tributyl phosphate, are valuable defoamers and have particular utiHty in latex paint appHcations. Another important class of hydrocarbon-based defoamer is the acetylenic glycols (7), such as 2,4,7,9-tetramethyl-5-decyne-4,7-diol which are widely used in water-based coatings, agricultural chemicals, and other areas where excellent wetting is needed. 

Ethoxy-3,4-pyridyne (46) is involved in the amination of 3- and 4-bromo-2-ethoxypyridine, and mixtures of aminoethoxypyridines of the same composition are formed in both reactions. Thus, from 4-bromo-2-ethoxypyridine only the 3-hydrogen atom, situated between the bromine and ethoxyl groups (and not the 5-hydrogen atom) is abstracted. Pyridyne 47 is an intermediate in the amination of 4- and 5-bromo-3-ethoxypyridine. In the last-mentioned substance, just as in 5- (or 3-)bromopyridine, only the 4-hydrogen atom, and not the 2-hydrogen atom, is abstracted. The amination of 3-bromo-6-ethoxypyridine proceeds via 6-ethoxy-3,4-pyridyne (48). again the 2,3-pyridyne derivative is not formed. 

Sodium methyl mercaptide in xylene was reported to react (25°, 2 hr) in a stepwise fashion with 3,5-dichloro-as-triazine to yield the 3-methylthio-5-chloro and then (70°, 2 hr) the 3,5-bis-methylthio derivatives. However, the structure of the former is very likely to be 307. With dimethylamine in benzene (25°, 5 min), ethyleneimine in ether (25°, 3 min), and alcoholic ammonia (25°, few min), this dichloro derivative was assumed to form 3-amino derivatives. The high reactivity of as-triazines is demonstrated by the facile ethoxylation... 

Quinoxalinyl, 4-cinnolinyl, and 1-phthalazinyl derivatives, which are all activated by a combination of induction and resonance, have very similar kinetic characteristics (Table XV, p. 352) in ethoxylation and piperidination, but 2-chloroquinoxaline is stated (no data) to be more slowly phenoxylated. In nucleophilic substitution of methoxy groups with ethoxy or isopropoxy groups, the quinoxaline compound is less reactive than the cinnoline and phthalazine derivatives and more reactive than the quinoline and isoquinoline analogs. 2-Chloroquinoxaline is more reactive than its monocyclic analog, 2-chloropyrazine, with thiourea or with piperidine (Scheme VI, p. 350). 

For cosmetic compositions an ether carboxylate is used, derived from a fatty acid monoethanolamide [35]. It is known that the ethoxylation takes place on the OH and not on the NH of the ethanolamide group. Due to the acid H atom a narrow range distribution is obtained. The carboxymethylation is carried out with NaOH and SMCA, followed by a washing step with an aqueous solution of a strong acid at high temperatures. The ether carboxylates have the structure... 

These are two chemically different groups of products which have distinct application fields. Both product groups are obtained by reacting maleic acid anhydride (MA) with hydroxyl group(s)-carrying molecules, followed by sulfation of the intermediate product, an ester. Whereas the diester types are mainly made from a few different branched and unbranched alcohols, the monoester are derived from a wide variety of raw materials fatty alcohols, fatty acid alkanolamides, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acid alkanolamides, their etho-xylates, and others. All these raw materials—with the exception of the branched chains—may be obtained from natural renewable resources. 

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