Cleansing products

Microcapsules are used in several film coatings other than carbonless paper. Encapsulated Hquid crystal formulations coated on polyester film are used to produce a variety of display products including thermometers. Polyester film coated with capsules loaded with leuco dyes analogous to those used in carbonless copy paper is used as a means of measuring line and force pressures (79). Encapsulated deodorants that release their core contents as a function of moisture developed because of sweating represent another commercial appHcation. Microcapsules are incorporated in several cosmetic creams, powders, and cleansing products (80). 

Fra.gra.nce. A key aesthetic for consumer acceptance of personal cleansing products is the product fragrance. Fragrance is utilized by... 

Soap as used in personal cleansing products has a long safe history of use. Modem soaps have been specifically formulated to be compatible with skin and to be used on a daily basis with minimal side effects. Excessive use of soap for skin cleansing can dismpt the natural barrier function of skin through the removal of skin oils and dismption of the Hpid bdayer in skin. This can result in imperfect desquamation or a dry appearance to skin and cause an irritation response or erythema, ie, reddening of the skin. Neither of these is a permanent response and the eHcitation of this type of skin reaction depends on the individual s skin type, the product formulation, and the frequency of use. 

Oral Cleansing Products. Toothpastes and mouthwashes are considered cosmetic oral cleansers as long as claims about them are restricted to cleaning or deodorization. Because deodorization may depend on reduction of microbiota in the mouth, several antimicrobial agents, either quaternaries, such as benzethonium chloride [121 -54-0] or phenoHcs, such as triclosan [3380-35-5] are permitted. Products that include anticaries or antigingivitis agents or claim to provide such treatment are considered dmgs. 

Utilising the usual levels of anti-microbials for cleansing products with normal user instructions of three minutes or longer contact time can achieve positive claims of anti-bacterial for Myavert C based enzyme preservation system without the stinging associated with alcohol. Table 1 gives the plate kill speed data for a face masque where the preservative also becomes a positive attribute. 

While the Dove formulation has undergone relatively minor changes since its launch in the U.S. in 1955, the marketing concept has seen major changes. Today s Dove is marketed on a platform of extreme mildness to skin as evidenced by its neutral pH, and has been extended into different skin cleansing product forms (e.g. Dove Body Wash) as well as other personal care products (e g. Dove Shampoo, Dove Deodorant) [3], However, the original problem definition had a very different focus. 

The primary application of these alcohols is the manufacture of anionic or nonionic surfactants for personal cleansing products, most of which end up in your wastewater treatment plants and rivers. Microorganisms don t chew up branch-chain surfactants as well as they do the straight ones. It used to be, for example that the surfactant based on the sodium salt of dodecyl benzene sulfonate, a 12-carbon branch chained anionic surfactant, was found to be slowing, down water treatment processes. Dodecyl alcohol as a raw material for these surfactants has been largely replaced by laurel alcohol, a 12-carbon straight-chain, linear alcohol. If you look at the bottle next time you shampoo your hair and rinse, you ll see sulfonates based on laurel alcohol listed, but none based on dodecyl. 

For damaged skin, mild, nonantimicrobial skin-cleansing products may be used to remove dirt and debris. If antimicrobial action is needed (e.g.,... 

Personal Care Products. Within the broad definition of synthetic detergents, a variety of cleansing products are made for personal care. These include such products as cleansing bars, shampoos, bubble-bath products, cosmetic cleansers, and tooth pastes. Formulations of these products vary widely, depending upon their intended use. 

The use of aloe as a laxative is mentioned in Greek literature before the first century. The Greek physician Dioscorides wrote of its use in treating wounds, chapping, hair loss, genital ulcers, hemorrhoids, boils, mouth irritation, and inflammation. In the 7th century, aloe was used in the East for eczema and sinusitis. Today, aloe is often prescribed to heal wounds, bums, skin ulcers, frostbite, and dry skin. It is an ingredient in teas for dieters because of its laxative effect and is found in body-cleansing products as well (see Chapter 12). 

There are also personal cleansing products formulated so as to provide certain ingredients that will be left behind on the skin once the cleansing product is washed off. Such (water soluble) ingredients may be formulated into multiple emulsions or liposomes. 

From the literature, little is known about the impact of cosmetic products on skin pH. Skin possesses buffering capacity, which protects it against changes of pH. It has been shown that after application of alkaline preparation, elevated outside skin pH decreases back toward acidic values.5,14 21 Such change of pH may occur also after application of a cosmetic product. This issue is barely mentioned in case of stay-on products, like moisturizers. Rinse-off cleansing products are investigated more often, in terms of their influence on skin pH and the correlation between their pH and the irritancy potential. 

Similarly as in case of stay-on products, there are several questions waiting to be answered about the impact of pH of rinse-off cleansing products on the skin, its pH, and the skin barrier function. One of the issues investigated was the influence on skin microflora, showing that when skin pH increased after repeated use of an alkaline soap, the count of propionibacteria rose significantly 64 Moreover, the irritancy properties of cleansing products have often been associated with their pH, but several studies show that there is no direct correlation between those two features.62,68-70 The reported difference in irritancy potential between cleansers with various pH may depend on the combination of surfactants and their inherent irritating capacity, rather than the pH of the products.61... 

Although there is a transient increase in skin water content during cleansing, cleansing products can reduce water content of skin ... 

Kajs, T. and Gartstein, V., Review of the instrumental assessment of skin effects of cleansing products. J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 42 249-271, 1991. 

Ertel, K., Neuman, P., Hartwig, P., Rains, G., and Keswick, B., Leg wash protocol to assess the skin moisturization potential of personal cleansing products. J. Cosmet. Sci. 21 383-397, 1999. 

As mentioned above, most commercial products are based on either a lauric (mainly C-12) or a whole coconut distribution (C-8 to C-18, with approximately 50% C-12) since these alkyl distributions give the best detergency. Early on, the imidazoline derived amphoterics were characterized as exceptionally mild to the skin and eyes relative to most surfactants available at the time. This made them excellent candidates for use in baby shampoos, geriatric cleansing products, hand wash for medical facilities and so on. 

Though the chemistry may be similar to the amphoacetates, the current applications for the amphopropionates tend to be quite different. Amphoacetates are generally used in cleansing products for personal care while the amphopropionates find most utility in hard surface cleansing. 

The eucalyptus essential oils find widespread applications in pharmaceutical formulations like mouthwashes, inhalers, hygiene and cleansing products such as soaps and detergents, for room sprays and insect repellents, as a flavouring in foods, in perfumery and as a starting material for industrial compounds that are extracted, mainly by distillation. For aromatherapy, the oils can be used for skin care, the respiratory system, the immune system, the nervous system, the urino-genital system and the musculo-skel-etal system. 

After whole-body washing with 30 ml of a 3% skin-cleansing product once daily, blood concentrations in 36 adults reached a plateau of about... 

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