Other Personal Care Products

Lipstick and lip balms are usually concentrated suspensions of solid oils in a liquid oil, or in a mixture of liquid oils. The dispersed phase, about 60 mass%, comprises oils and/or wax that are solid at room temperature. The continuous phase, about 40 mass%, comprises an oil, or mixture of oils, that is liquid at room temperature. These products are formulated at relatively high temperature, where they are liquid, and are then cooled to allow a significant yield stress to develop. Lipsticks and lip balms contain a variety of waxes, oils, pigments, and emollients, including  

1) This common use of the term aerosol refers to formulated products that are packaged under pressure, and released through a fine orifice to produce a foam. This is different from the meaning of the term aerosol in colloid and 

There are also personal cleansing products formulated so as to provide certain ingredients that will be left behind on the skin once the cleansing product is washed off. Such (water soluble) ingredients may be formulated into multiple emulsions or liposomes. 

Exfoliating scrubs are used to remove dead surface cells and allow other products, such as essential oils, to penetrate the skin more effectively. These are principally suspensions of some kind of particles that are intended to do the exfoliating. Exam- 

Beyond facial creams, facial masks are usually concentrated partide suspensions, and are used to treat and refresh facial skin. The particles are usually either kaoli-nite, Fuller s earth, or illite ( green clay ) or other days. The particles are intended to act as exfoliants and also to adsorb oils from the skin. Other additives span a wide range of materials, including essential oils, vitamins, fruits and vegetables, scents, and pharmaceutical (cosmeceutical) additives, such as salicylic acid when added to treat mild acne. Body clays are like facial masks except that a higher concentration of clay is used in the suspension. 

1) In contrast to older sunblock formulations, the incorporation of titanium dioxide particles snmller than 50 nm in diameter, for example, does not interfere with transparency or translucency of die product. 

Exfoliating scrubs are used to remove dead surface cells and allo w other products, such as essential oils, to penetrate the skin more effectively. These are principally suspensions of some kind of particles that are intended to do the exfoliating. Examples include ground pumice, microbeads, ground nut shells (such as walnut) and ground fruit seeds (such as apricot). Other additives may include oils, salts and scents. Some environmental and health concerns about the use of microscale polystyrene beads as exfoliating agents have been noted in Section 8.6. 

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Cosmetics and Pharmaceuticals. The main use of hexadecanol (cetyl alcohol) is in cosmetics (qv) and pharmaceuticals (qv), where it and octadecanol (stearyl alcohol) are used extensively as emoUient additives and as bases for creams, Hpsticks, ointments, and suppositories. Octadecenol (oleyl alcohol) is also widely used (47), as are the nonlinear alcohols. The compatibiHty of heavy cut alcohols and other cosmetic materials or active dmg agents, their mildness, skin feel, and low toxicity have made them the preferred materials for these appHcations. Higher alcohols and their derivatives are used in conditioning shampoos, in other personal care products, and in ingested materials such as vitamins (qv) and sustained release tablets (see Controlled RELEASE technology). 

While the Dove formulation has undergone relatively minor changes since its launch in the U.S. in 1955, the marketing concept has seen major changes. Today s Dove is marketed on a platform of extreme mildness to skin as evidenced by its neutral pH, and has been extended into different skin cleansing product forms (e.g. Dove Body Wash) as well as other personal care products (e g. Dove Shampoo, Dove Deodorant) [3], However, the original problem definition had a very different focus. 

Alcohol sulfates (R — 0S03"Na ) - alcohol reacted with suihir trioxide then neutralized with sodium hydroxide. Applications include shampoo, bar soaps, and other personal care products laundry and dishwashing soap textiles and additives to emulsion polymerization. 

The value of 0.9882 (almost unity) was indicative of the one-to-one correspondence of the fate of these two compounds. Both compounds are widely used in soaps and other personal care products on a regular basis. This finding shows the possibility of using information about the presence of one of these compounds to predict the fate of the other despite the fact that both chemicals belong to different... 

No systematic studies of the use of silicone surfactants as emulsifiers have yet been published. Silicone polyoxyalkylene copolymers with relatively high molecular weight and a high proportion of silicone are effective water-in-silicone oil emulsifiers and a recent study of these copolymers suggests that they stabilize emulsions by a solid-particle mechanism [68]. This type of silicone surfactant has been used to prepare transparent water-in-oil emulsions (often with an active ingredient in the internal phase) for use as deodorants or antiperspirants as well as cosmetics and other personal care products. Their use as drug delivery vehicles has also been claimed. These copolymers can also be used to prepare multiple emulsions not requiring a two-pot process. 

Fatty acids and their derivatives have a place in practically all phases of modern living. They add needed qualities to pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other personal care products. They improve the performance of paints, lubricants, textiles, detergents and rubber products. 

The change in charge with pH of amphoteric surfactants affects their properties, such as wetting, detergency, and foaming. Atthe i.e.p., the properties of amphoterics resemble those of nonionics very closely, but below and above the i.e.p. the properties shift towards those of cationic and anionic surfactants, respectively. Zwitterionic surfactants have excellent dermatological properties, and also exhibit low eye irritation consequently, they are frequently used in shampoos and other personal care products (e.g., cosmetics). 

Table 13-4 lists important commercial solvents of abuse. Meth-ylchloroform, the solvent in typewriter correction fluid, caused 30 deaths by 1988 (Lilis 1992). Ethyl chloride more recently became an inhalant of abuse (Hersh 1991). Chlorofluorocarbons, used as refrigerants and in the past as insecticide propellants and in deodorants, breath fresheners, hair spray, and other personal care products, caused hundreds of deaths after intentional inhalation (Maximilian et al. 1982). 

Seven benzophenone sunscreen agents (benzophenones 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10 often hydroxylated and/or methoxylated benzophenones) were extracted from suncreams, lipsticks, and other personal care products and separated on a C g column (A = 286nm). A 30/30/40 methanol/acetonitrile/water mobile phase generated good peak shapes and resolution in 40 min [255]. All detection limits were similar and were reported as about 1 mg/L. 

The selection of shampoos, conditioners, and soap for this program is logical as these personal care products are released in the environment in greater quantities than other personal care products. 

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