Cleansers/cleansing products

Oral Cleansing Products. Toothpastes and mouthwashes are considered cosmetic oral cleansers as long as claims about them are restricted to cleaning or deodorization. Because deodorization may depend on reduction of microbiota in the mouth, several antimicrobial agents, either quaternaries, such as benzethonium chloride [121 -54-0] or phenoHcs, such as triclosan [3380-35-5] are permitted. Products that include anticaries or antigingivitis agents or claim to provide such treatment are considered dmgs. 

Personal Care Products. Within the broad definition of synthetic detergents, a variety of cleansing products are made for personal care. These include such products as cleansing bars, shampoos, bubble-bath products, cosmetic cleansers, and tooth pastes. Formulations of these products vary widely, depending upon their intended use. 

Similarly as in case of stay-on products, there are several questions waiting to be answered about the impact of pH of rinse-off cleansing products on the skin, its pH, and the skin barrier function. One of the issues investigated was the influence on skin microflora, showing that when skin pH increased after repeated use of an alkaline soap, the count of propionibacteria rose significantly 64 Moreover, the irritancy properties of cleansing products have often been associated with their pH, but several studies show that there is no direct correlation between those two features.62,68-70 The reported difference in irritancy potential between cleansers with various pH may depend on the combination of surfactants and their inherent irritating capacity, rather than the pH of the products.61... 

The objective of this chapter is to review the developments in the area of body-cleansing products. For the sake of convenience, this chapter is divided into four sections. The first section covers the changing consumer needs and increasing demand for cleansing products. Structural aspects of cleansing products are covered in the second section, whereas the third and fourth sections deal with formulations and an overview of processing aspects of bar cleansers. 

Based on the product forms and rheological properties, the existing body-cleansing products can be categorized into four forms, namely, solid bar cleansers, liquid cleansers, cleansing creams, and implements. Different types of products associated with these four forms are shown in Table 7.3. 

These are mainly facial-cleansing products. Use of facial-cleansing products is not a new phenomenon, having been used by women for centuries. It was very common in Indian culture to apply an aqueous paste of turmeric and mustard seed powder to the face and body of brides before marriage to make the skin soft and clean. There are different herbal and natural paste formulations from Ayurvedic and Unani medicines, which are used to improve the facial or body skin texture. Before the development of synthetic surfactants, soap was the main product used as facial cleanser. Owing to superior mildness, products based on synthetic surfactants are preferred over soap. 

Cleansing products, by physicochemical action, are used to wash and remove materials deposited from outside or excreted from the skin. This helps to keep the skin clean and facilitate normal physiological and homeostatic skin functions. Without proper cleansing, residual materials on the skin might decompose or be denatured by oxygen, UV radiation, or microbial transformation to the undesirable material that interferes with skin metabohsm or even damages skin, especially sensitive skin, such as atopic or dry skin. On the other hand, surfactant, as a major component of the cleansers, has side effects such... 

Versatile, cost-effective surfactant for use in personal cleansing products. Superior flash foam and lather characteristics. Good skin compatibility. Uses include liquid, lotion and pearl shampoos, shower and bath gels bubble baths and facial cleansers. 

Cleanse the wound prior to application with wound cleanser or saline. For papain-containing products, avoid cleansing with hydrogen peroxide solution. Aerosol Shake well. Hold upright and approximately 12 inches from the area to be treated. Press valve and coat wound rapidly. Wound may be left unbandaged or a wet dressing may be applied. Apply 2 to 3 times daily, or as often as necessary. To remove, wash gently with water. 

Based on the finding that NDGA is an antioxidant, chaparral has been promoted as an anticancer agent (Tyler, 1993). In a recent review (Sheikh, 1997) of chaparral-associated hepatotoxicity, patients reported using chaparral as a general cleansing tonic, internal skin cleanser, blood thinner, arthritis remedy, antiasthmatic, nutritional supplement, and weight loss product. 

Products and Uses Usually in cleansers, scouring agents, fireproofing and insulating compounds, cosmetics for removing rough skin, heavy-duty hand soaps, facial cleansing and acne compounds, tooth polishes, and denture powders. Pencil erasers are composed of synthetic rubber and pumice. (It is the pumice that erases, not the rubber.) Various abrasive purposes. 

In the United States and Europe, the mildness concept is led by isethionate for a cleansing bar by Lever Brothers (Unilever Affiliate), followed by an amphoteric surfactant and nonionic alkylglycocide, which are really secondary surfactants to reduce the potential for irritation with a combination of typical anionics. The utilization of acylamino acid surfactants has just started in Western markets. In Europe, Biersdorf was the first company to use acylglutamate in a product for the mass market, although several upscale cosmetic cleansers pioneered its use on a small scale. 

A well studied potential application for alkyl polyglycoside microemulsions in the toiletries sector is cleansing facial care products, which combine good cleansing performance with a refatting effect. Table 12.2 shows a model formulation for an alkyl polyglycoside microemulsion, which was studied as a 2-in-l facial cleanser in... 

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