Cell specificity

The white cell adsorption filter layer is typically of a nonwoven fiber design. The biomaterials of the fiber media are surface modified to obtain an optimal avidity and selectivity for the different blood cells. Materials used include polyesters, eg, poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(butylene terephthalate), cellulose acetate, methacrylate, polyamides, and polyacrylonitrile. Filter materials are not cell specific and do not provide for specific filtration of lymphocytes out of the blood product rather than all leukocytes. 

Extracellular matrix The surfaces of animal cells are covered with a flexible and sticky layer of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. This complex coating is cell-specific, serves in cell-cell recognition and communication, creates cell adhesion, and provides a protective outer layer. 

Rohren-halter, m. tube (or pipe) holder, tube (or pipe) clamp, -kassie, /. pur ng cassia, -kleuune, /. tube clamp, -kiibler, m. tubular condenser, tube condenser tubular cooler, -libelle, /. spirit level, air level, -lot, n. pipe solder, -manna, /. flake manna, -nudeln, /.pi. macaroni, -ofen, m. tube furnace (for heating tubes liable to explosion) pipe still, -pulver, n. (Expl.) perforated powder, -struktur, /. tubular structure, -substanz, /. (Anat.) medullary substance, -trager, m. tube (or pipe) support, -wachs, n. petroleum ceresin. -werk, n. tubing piping tube mill, -wischer, m. tube brush, -wulst, n. tubular tore, doughnut , -zelle, /. tubular cell, specif. (Bot.) tracheid. 

Number of atoms per unit cell. Keep in mind that a huge number of unit cells are in contact with each other, interlocking to form a three-dimensional crystal This means that several of the atoms in a unit cell do not belong exclusively to that cell Specifically—... 

If you aerate a bioreactor, power consumption is much less than a non-aerated bioreactor. Oxygen transfer rate, OTR 6 X 10 3 kgm-3 Oxygen uptake rate, OUR 0.65 mmol 02 kg 1 cell Specific growth rate, umax 0.5 h 1... 

Vascular gene therapy Transfer of dominant-negative receptors or suicide genes under the control of angiogenic endothelial cell specific promoters... 

G-actin (globular actin) has a molecular weight of about 42 kDa. In higher vertebrates, six isoforms of G-actin, which contain 374/375 residues, are expressed in a cell-specific manner. They are present in striated muscle cells (skeletal and cardiac isoforms), smooth muscle cells (vascular and visceral isoforms) and in non-muscle cells (two isoforms). 

Regulatory regions are transcriptional control sequences, which consist of promoters, response elements, enhancers and possibly silencers, located upstream of the start site of transcription. The overall effect on gene transcription is a sum of the contributions of these elements and the activities of proteins recruited to these sites. Promoters are located immediately upstream of the start site and initiate transcription. They often contain tissue- or cell-specific elements if the gene is not ubiquitously expressed. Enhancers are positive regulatory elements which function independently of orientation and distance from the genes they regulate. 

The T cell receptor is a clonotypic, T cell specific surface receptor that mostly recognizes peptides bound to MHC molecules on antigen-presenting cells. 

The current models for the mode of action of T-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies are based on the observation that the administration of CD3 antibodies leads to a significant reduction of the number of CD3-positive T cells. On the one hand, CD3+ T cells were... 

Chemical modifications of chitosan assayed to enhance cell specificity and transfection efficiency were reviewed. Also, chemical modifications of chitosan were performed to increase the stabihty of chitosan/DNA complexes [95]. 

The possible combinations generated by these mechanisms could be sufficient to account for ligand-specific and cell-specific biological responses, notwithstanding the limited number of second messengers that are available for the transcription of the primary response genes (Herschman, 1989). It is apparent that much remains to be done to understand the complexity of the cytoskeleton and its interactions within cells and across cell membranes. 

Organotin(IV) compounds could be involved in other biological processes occurring in cells, specifically in peroxide oxidation of lipids. The latter process is very important from the viewpoint of physiology, and it follows a radical chain mechanism. ... 

Fig. 8. Activation of the PO binding with P, infestans cell walls (glucan-specific ) under pathogen inoculation and treatment with salicylic (SA) and jasmonic (JA) acids (A) Peroxidase activity in stomata guard cells and intercellular spaces of adjoining epidermal leaf cells and on the surface of mycelium contacting with the stomata (B). (1) Non-treated control (2) infection (3) treatment with SA (4) treatment with SA + infection (5) treatment with JA (6) treatment with JA + infection (7) treatment with SA + JA (8) treatment with SA + JA + infection g - gifs of P. infestans s - stomata guard cell. Specific to P, infestans cell walls, PO is highlighted.

Ribozyme T cells Specifically cleaves viral RNA Buchschacher et al. 2001 Macpherson et al. 2005... 

Ribozyme CD34+ bone marrow cells Specifically cleaves viral RNA Amado et al. 2004... 

Zhang X., Simmons C.G., Corey D.R. Liver cell specific targeting of peptide nucleic acid oligomers. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2001 11 1269-1272. 

Wang, C., and Huang, L. (1987). pH-sensitive immunoliposomes mediate target-cell-specific delivery and controlled expression of a foreign gene in mouse, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 84, 7851-7855. 

Munthe-Kaas MC, Carlsen KH. Haland G. Devula-palli CS, Gervin K, Egeland T. Carlsen KL. Undlien D T cell-specific T-box transcription factor haplo-type is associated with allergic asthma in childrea J Allergy Chn Immunol 2008 121 51 -56. 

Muller W, Testa G, Roers A Mast cell-specific Cre/ loxP-mediated recombination in vivo. Transgenic Res 2008 17 307-315. 30... 

Suzuki K Usefulness of serum mast cell-specific chymase levels for postmortem diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Int J Legal Med 2005 119 331-334. 24... 

Phenotype (tissue or cell specificity) is dictated by differences in gene expression of this complement of genes. 

Changes in membrane structure (eg caused by ischemia) can affect water balance and ion flux and therefore every process within the cell. Specific deficiencies or alterations of certain membrane components lead to a variety of diseases (see Table 41-5). In short, normal cellular function depends on normal membranes. 

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