Petroleum ceresin

Rohren-halter, m. tube (or pipe) holder, tube (or pipe) clamp, -kassie, /. pur ng cassia, -kleuune, /. tube clamp, -kiibler, m. tubular condenser, tube condenser tubular cooler, -libelle, /. spirit level, air level, -lot, n. pipe solder, -manna, /. flake manna, -nudeln, /.pi. macaroni, -ofen, m. tube furnace (for heating tubes liable to explosion) pipe still, -pulver, n. (Expl.) perforated powder, -struktur, /. tubular structure, -substanz, /. (Anat.) medullary substance, -trager, m. tube (or pipe) support, -wachs, n. petroleum ceresin. -werk, n. tubing piping tube mill, -wischer, m. tube brush, -wulst, n. tubular tore, doughnut , -zelle, /. tubular cell, specif. (Bot.) tracheid. 

There are three sources of ceresine waxes natural mineral (ozocerite), petroleum refining (petroleum ceresin) and lignite refining (cerasin). 

Macrocrystalline wax Petroleum ceresin USPNF Melting range 54-102 °C residue on ignition <0.10%... 

Amorphous wax E907 petroleum ceresin petroleum wax (microcrystalline). 

Petroleum ceresins (microcrystalline waxes)—hard, brittle waxes melting above 70° C., sometimes as high as 95° C. They contain from 25 to 55 carbon atoms. They are much more soluble and give higher viscosity solutions than paraffin waxes of the same molecular weights. They are believed to be branched-chain paraffins with short side chains near the center of the fundamental long chain. They form very small crystals. 

Petroleum ceresins and petrolatum wax are isolated from residues. Paraffin wax, on the other hand, is almost invariably isolated from distillates by solvent extraction or precipitation followed by sweating or emulsion de-oiling. According to Sachanen (77), the wax content of lubricating oil fractions is commonly 10% =b 5%. 

The effect of dissolved impurities on C.S.T. was observed by Crismer. The C.S.T. of ethanol petroleum system was raised by 17°, by the presence of only 1% of water in ethanol. The C.S.T. of methanol and cyclohexane system is 45.55°. The presence of 0.01 % of water in methanol raises the C.S.T. of the ssytem to 45.65°. The presence of armoatic hydrocarbons in petrol can be detected and estimated by determining the C.S.T. of petrol-aniline system. Similarly, the amount of ceresin in wax can be determined. The biological importance of C.S.T. is in testing the functioning of kidney. A kidney producing urine which raises the C.S.T. of urine-phenol system by 8° is in good order. The kidney is exceedingly well if the C.S.T. is raised by 12° to 16°. 

Bullet lubricants frequently contain mixtures of some of the following beeswax, petroleum jelly, sheep tallow, carnauba wax, molybdenum disulfide, lithium base grease, ceresin wax, powdered graphite, paraffin wax, Alox compound, and Zokorite. The mixture may be dissolved or suspended in a fast-drying solvent or applied directly while hot. 

Ozokerite and Ceresin Waxes. Ozokerite wax [8001-75-0] was a product of Poland, Austria, and in the former USSR where it was mined. Tme ozokerite no longer seems to be an article of commerce, and has been replaced with blends of petroleum-derived paraffin and microcrystalline waxes. These blends are designed to meet the specific physical properties requited by the appHcation involved. 

Ceresin wax [8001-75-0] originally was a refined and bleached ozokerite wax, but now is a paraffin wax of very narrow molecular weight distribution or blend of petroleum waxes. 

Ozokerite, or earth wax, is widely distributed, but is usually found in small quantities. It consists chiefly of solid paraflSn hydrocarbons, and varies in color from yellow to black. It is thought to have been formed as the result of the evaporation of crude petroleum. It is purified by melting it with hot water and separating the oil from the earthy material. After treatment with sulphuric acid, water, and caustic soda, it is obtained in an almost colorless condition. The refined material, called ceresin, is used as a substitute for beeswax. 

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