Cell-type specificity

In addition to pharmacological approach, HO expression can also be downregulated by HO antisense treatment. Once the antisense is tagged to a specific cell type, cell type-specific local production of CO can be inhibited, which is more advantageous than general inhibition of HO activity by pharmacological compounds. 

Intermediate filaments are present in most animal cells. They are composed of more than 50 proteins which are expressed in a cell-type specific manner. Their diameter is about 10 nm and thus between those of the larger microtubules and the smaller F-actin. They form scaffolds and networks in the cyto- and nucleoplasm. 

Syndecans are transmembrane proteins, which are modified by the addition of heparan sulphate glycos-aminoglycan (GAG) chains and other sugars. Syndecans bind a wide variety of different ligands via their heparan sulphate chains. Binding specificities may vary depending on cell-type specific modifications of the heparan sulphate chains. 

Transcriptional regulation encompasses the modulation of the synthesis rate of mRNA due to cell type specific factors that may be triggered by external stimuli. 

Restrictive cell-type-specific expression of primary response genes. 

Kato H, Sato S, Yoneyama M, Yamamoto M, Uematsu S, Matsui K, Tsujimura T, Takeda K, Fujita T, Takeuchi O, Akira S (2005) Cell type-specific involvement of RIG-I in antiviral response. Immunity 23 19-28... 

Bodner A, Toth PT, Oh SB, Lu M, Tran PB, Chin RK, Ren D, Miller RJ (2003) CD4 dependence of gpl20IIIB-CXCR4 interaction is cell-type specific. J Neuroimmunol 140 1-12... 

Marsh M, Bron R. SFV infection in CHO cells cell-type specific restrictions to productive virus entry at the cell surface. J Cell Sci 1997 110 (Pt 1) 95-103. 

Le Marchand, L., Sivaraman, L. et al. (1998). Associations of CYP1A1, GSTM1, and CYP2E1 polymorphisms with lung cancer suggest cell type specificities to tobacco carcinogens. Cancer Res., 58(21), 4858-63. 

Kim, C. H., Kim, H. S., Cubells, J. F., 8c Kim, K. S. (1999). A previously undescribed intron and extensive 5 upstream sequence, but not Phox2a-mediated transactivation, are necessary for high level cell type-specific expression of the human norepinephrine transporter gene. /. Biol. Chem., 274, 6507-18. 

Ruezinsky, D., Beckmann, H., and Kadesch, T. (1991). Modulation of the IgH enhancer s cell type specificity through a genetic switch. Genes Dev. 5 29-37. 

In summary, transcription of the Cdc25-type phosphatase encoded by string limits the progression of many embryonic cell cycles, which are rapid (1—3 h) and require little cell growth. The massive ofi-regulatory region of string acts as a sophisticated pattern sensor that is influenced by a wide variety of cell type-specific transcription factors (Fig. 2A). 

Lindqvist, A., Y. G. He, and S. Andersson. 2005. Cell type-specific expression of beta-carotene 9, 10 -monooxygenase in human tissues. J Histochem Cytochem 53(11) 1403-1412. 

Youle, R.J., and Nevelle Jr., D.M (1980) Anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody linked to ricin is a potent cell-type-specific toxin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 5483-5486. 

Differential Gene Expression -cell type specific -developmental-stage specific... 

There are multiple levels of integration within the transcriptional regulator network. Part of the complexity of control lies in the large number of different factors available to generate cell-type-specific transcriptional regulation. More importantly, control over the expression and functional state of these numerous transcription factors is a source of considerable complexity and opportunity for... 

---