ADAM

Adams catalyst, platinum oxide, Pt02 H20. Produced by fusion of H2PtCl6 with sodium nitrate at 500-550 C and leaching of the cooled melt with water. Stable in air, activated by hydrogen. Used as a hydrogenation catalyst for converting alkenes to alkanes at low pressure and temperature. Often used on Si02... 

The general case has been solved by Bashforth and Adams [14], using an iterative method, and extended by Sugden [15], Lane [16], and Paddy [17]. See also Refs. 11 and 12. In the case of a figure of revolution, the two radii of curvature must be equal at the apex (i.e., at the bottom of the meniscus in the case of capillary rise). If this radius of curvature is denoted by b, and the elevation of a general point on the surface is denoted by z, where z = y - h, then Eq. II-7 can be written... 

As in the case of capillary rise, Sugden [27] has made use of Bashforth s and Adams tables to calculate correction factors for this method. Because the figure is again one of revolution, the equation h = a lb + z is exact, where b is the value of / i = R2 at the origin and z is the distance of OC. The equation simply states that AP, expressed as height of a column of liquid, equals the sum of the hydrostatic head and the pressure... 

N. K. Adam, TTie Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces, 3rd ed., Oxford University Press, London, 1941. 

F. Bashforth and J. C. Adams, An Attempt to Test the Theories of Capillary Action, University Press, Cambridge, England, 1883. 

We now come to a very important topic, namely, the thermodynamic treatment of the variation of surface tension with composition. The treatment is due to Gibbs [35] (see Ref. 49 for an historical sketch) but has been amplified in a more conveniently readable way by Guggenheim and Adam [105]. 

Fig. ni-14. Cross section of the PLAWM (Pockels-Langmuir-Adam-Wilson-McBain) trough. 

To resume the brief historical sketch, the subject of monolayers developed rapidly during the interwar years, with the names of Langmuir, Adam, Harkins, and Rideal perhaps the most prominent the subject became one of precise and... 

The three general states of monolayers are illustrated in the pressure-area isotherm in Fig. IV-16. A low-pressure gas phase, G, condenses to a liquid phase termed the /i uid-expanded (LE or L ) phase by Adam [183] and Harkins [9]. One or more of several more dense, liquid-condensed phase (LC) exist at higher pressures and lower temperatures. A solid phase (S) exists at high pressures and densities. We briefly describe these phases and their characteristic features and transitions several useful articles provide a more detailed description [184-187]. 

ADAM Angular-distribution Auger microscopy [85] Surface atoms silhouetted by Auger electrons from atoms in bulk Surface structure... 

The cleaning process proceeds by one of three primary mechanisms solubilization, emulsification, and roll-up [229]. In solubilization the oily phase partitions into surfactant micelles that desorb from the solid surface and diffuse into the bulk. As mentioned above, there is a body of theoretical work on solubilization [146, 147] and numerous experimental studies by a variety of spectroscopic techniques [143-145,230]. Emulsification involves the formation and removal of an emulsion at the oil-water interface the removal step may involve hydrodynamic as well as surface chemical forces. Emulsion formation is covered in Chapter XIV. In roll-up the surfactant reduces the contact angle of the liquid soil or the surface free energy of a solid particle aiding its detachment and subsequent removal by hydrodynamic forces. Adam and Stevenson s beautiful photographs illustrate roll-up of lanoline on wood fibers [231]. In order to achieve roll-up, one requires the surface free energies for soil detachment illustrated in Fig. XIII-14 to obey... 

Adams W H 1994 The polarization approximation and the Amos-Musher intermolecular perturbation theories compared to infinite order at finite separation Chem. Phys. Lett. 229 472... 

Ciary D C, Smith D and Adams N G 1985 Temperature dependence of rate coefficients for reactions of ions with dipolar molecules Chem. Phys. Lett. 119 320-6... 

Adams N G and Smith D 1976 The selected ion flow tube (SIFT) a technique for studying ion-neutral reactions Int J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Phys. 21 349... 

Smith D and Adams N G 1988 The selected ion flow tube (SIFT) studies of ion-neutral reactions Adv. At Mol. Phys. 24 1-49... 

Adams N G and Smith D 1988 Flowing afterglow and SIFT Techniques for the Study of Ion-Molecule Reactions ed J M Farrar and W FI Saunders Jr (New York Wiley)... 

Knighton W B and Grimsurd E P 1996 Gas phase ion ohemistry under oonditions of very high pressure Advances in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry ed N G Adams and L M Baboook (JAI)... 

Smith D and Adams N G 1980 Elementary plasma reactions of environmental interest Topics in Current Chemistry ed F L Boschke (Berlin Springer)... 

Adams N G and Babcock L M (eds) 1992, 1996 and 1998 Advances in Gas Phase Ion Chemistry vols 1-3 (Greenwich, CT JAI) On ongoing series about current topics in ion chemistry. 

Figure Bl.7.12. A schematic diagram of a typical selected-ion flow (SIFT) apparatus. (Smith D and Adams N G 1988 The selected ion flow tube (SIFT) studies of ion-neutral reactions Advances in Atomic and Molecular Physics vol 24, ed D Bates and B Bederson p 4. Copyright Academic Press, Inc. Reproduced with pennission.)...

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