Stokes-Adams syndrome

Hypersensitivity to amide local anesthetics Stokes-Adams syndrome Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome severe degrees of sinoatrial, atrioventricular (AV), or intraventricular block in the absence of an artificial pacemaker. 

Cardiac uses Adrenaline may be used to stimulate the heart in cardiac arrest. Adrenaline can also be used in Stokes-Adam syndrome, which is a cardiac arrest occurring at the transition of partial to complete heart block. Isoprenaline or orciprenaline maybe used for the temporary treatment of partial or complete AV block. 

Ephedrine is useful for the treatment of chronic and moderate type of bronchial asthma, used as nasal decongestant and as a mydriatic without cycloplegia. It is also useful in preventing ventricular asystole in Stokes Adams syndrome. It is also used in narcolepsy, however amphetamines are the drug of choice. 

Case (vi) A 75-year-old man suffering from stokes Adams Syndrome (complete heart block). Symptoms Irregular heart beat with omission every 3/4 beats, sunken eyes, unconsciousness with intermittent convulsion. 

Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome Stein-Leventhal syndrome Stevens-Johnson syndrome Still s disease Stokes-Adams syndrome Vaquez disease Vincent s disease... 

Ephedrine is useful in the therapy of hypotension, bronchospasm, Stoke-Adams syndrome, and narcolepsy. It is also included in preparations for topical application in the eye, and in over-the- counter (OTC) cold preparations for use as a decongestant. It is administered orally, unlike epinephrine, and has a longer duration. It does, however, have more CNS effects than epinephrine. 

Also known as sinotrial (SA) syndrome, sinus nodal dysfunction, and Stokes-Adams syndrome. 

Ephedrine may be used with success in combating the fall of blood pressure in spinal anesthesia, in the treatment of bronchial asthma (bronchodilatation), hay fever, and other allergic conditions. It relieves whooping cough. Ephedrine has been used both for the prevention and the cure of attacks of heart block known as Stokes-Adam s syndrome. Use of ephedrine in the prevention of the pathological sleep of narcolepsy is now replaced by its more efficient chemical relative, deoxynorephedrine (Benzedrine). Ephedrine is of value in the treatment of myasthenia... 

The hydantoins are contraindicated in patients widi known hypersensitivity to die drug s. Phenytoin is contraindicated in patients widi sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block, second and diird degree AV block, and Adams-Stokes syndrome it also is contraindicated during pregnancy (ediotoin and phenytoin are Pregnancy Category D) and lactation. Ediotoin is contraindicated in patients widi hepatic abnormalities. 

Phenytoin Because of its effect on ventricular automaticity, do not use phenytoin in sinus bradycardia, sino-atrial block, second- and third-degree AV block, or in patients with Adams-Stokes syndrome. 

Contraindications Adams-Stokes syndrome, hypersensitivity to amide-type local anesthetics, septicemia (spinal anesthesia), supraventricular arrhythmias, Wolff-Par-kinson-White syndrome... 

Contraindications Hydantoin hypersensitivity, seizures due to hypoglycemia, Adam-Stokes syndrome, second- and third-degree heart block, sinoatrial block, sinus bradycardia... 

Ephedrine, given im/iv/sc, is indicated for the treatment of acute hypotensive states, treatment of Adams-Stokes syndrome with complete heart block, stimulation of the central nervous system (CNS) to combat narcolepsy and depressive states, treatment of acute bronchospasm, treatment of enuresis, and treatment of myasthenia gravis. When given in nasal form, ephedrine is used in the treatment of nasal congestion, promotion of nasal or sinus drainage, or relief of eustachian tube congestion. 

Hypersensitivity to amide-type local anesthetics, Adams-Stoke syndrome, supraventricular arrhythmias, Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome. Spinal anesthesia contraindicated in septicemia. Caution Dosage should be reduced for elderly, debilitated, acutely ill safety in children has not been established. Severe renal/hepatic disease, hypovolemia, CHF, shock, heart block, marked hypoxia, severe respiratory depression, bradycardia, incomplete heart block. Anesthetic solutions containing epinephrine should be used with caution in peripheral or hypertensive vascular disease and during or following potent general anesthesia. Sulfite sensitivity or asthma for some local and topical anesthetic preparations. Tartrazine or aspirin sensitivity with some topical preparations. Anxiety, insomnia, apprehension, blurred vision, loss of hearing acuity, and nausea CNS depression, convulsion and respiratory depression... 

Other adrenergic dru have specific uses. Isoproterenol may be used in tlie treatment of some cardiac arrhytlimias, cardiac arrest, Adams-Stokes syndrome, or as a systemic bronchodilator (see Cliap. 37 for a more detailed discussion of tlie bronchodilators). Midodrine is used to treat ortliostatic hyiiotension. The uses of various adrenergic dru are given in tlie Summary Drug Table Adrenergic Dni. ... 

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