Transformation in vitro

King, C. Y., Tittmann, P., Gross, H., Gebert, R., Aebi, M., and Wuthrich, K. (1997). Prion-inducing domain 2-114 of yeast Sup35 protein transforms in vitro into amyloid-like filaments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 6618-6622. 

Gruenert, D. C. 1987. Differentiated properties of human epithelial cells transformed in vitro. BioTechniques 5 740-50. 

Borek, C., Ong, A., Mason, H., Donahue, L, and Biaglow, J. E., 1986, Selenium and vitamin E inhibit radiogenic and chemically induced transformation in vitro via different mechanisms, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83 1490-1494. 

Kennedy, A.R. (1984). Promotion and other interactions between agents in the induction of transformation in vitro in fibroblast-like cell culture systems, in Mechanisms of Thmor Promotion, VoL 3. Thmor Promotion and Carcinogenesis In Vitro, Slaga, T.J., Ed. (CRC Press, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio). 

Kennedy, A.R., and Little, J.B. (1980). Investigations of the mechemisms for enhancement of radiation transformation in vitro by 12-0-tetradecanoy-lphorobo-13-acetate, Carcinogenesis 1,1039. 

Montesano, R., Saint Vincent, L., and Tomatis, L. (1973). Malignant transformation in vitro of rat liver cells by dimethylnitrosamine and N-methyl-N -nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, Br. J. Cancer 28,215. 

The prime goal of our own investigations has been the mechanistic elucidation of the molecular aspects of the Pr -> Pfr transformation in vitro at physiological temperatures. The analytical requirements were in part such that some, notably time-resolved, spectroscopic methods first had to be improved or newly developed. They are described wherever appropriate. 

Van Oordt, B.E., Tielens, A.G. and van den Bergh, S.G. (1989) Aerobic to anaerobic transition in the carbohydrate metabolism of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae during transformation in vitro. Parasitology 98, 409-415. 

The transformation of PAHs with the manganese peroxidase of P. chrysosporium required an unsaturated fatty acid, showing that this reaction is connected in some way to the manganese peroxidase-dependent lipid peroxidation known to occur in this system. This reaction seems to follow an H atom abstraction route, because the rate of transformation in vitro is greater than that predicted by IP [88]. 

In contrast, chlorophenols are transformed in vitro to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by peroxidase-catalyzed oxidations. This has been demonstrated with bovine lactoperoxidase, horseradish peroxidase [71, 121] and myeloperoxidase [65] with 3,4,5- and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. 

The pea lectin, like con A, agglutinated normal, embryonic fibroblasts of human and rat origin at high lectin concentrations (1.500 mg/ ml), whereas, various, rat tumor-cells transformed in vitro (spontaneously, and by Rous sarcoma virus) were agglutinated at very low concentrations (5 pg/ml) of lectin.460... 

In the last case the strain was identical to eight MRSA isolates obtained from hospitals in the New York City metropolitan area, and all eight isolates, but not control isolates, could be transformed in vitro to develop intermediate resistance to vancomycin. Both the presence of glyco-peptides and environmental factors, as demonstrated by increased resistance of S. aureus to antibiotics in the presence of prosthetic material in animals, can exert selective pressure to develop new resistance mechanisms (93-95). 

Transformation In plant cell culture, the introduction and stable genomic integration of foreign DNA into a plant cell by any means, resulting in a genetic modification. This definition is the traditional microbiological definition. For animal cell culture, see In vitro transformation , In vitro neoplastic transformation and Transfection . 

DiPaolo JA, Nelson RL, Donovan PJ (1969) Sarcoma-producing cell lines derived from clones transformed in vitro by benzo[a] pyrene. Science 165 917-918... 

Potenza, C. Aleman, L. Sengupta-Gopalan, C. Targeting transgene expression in research, agricultural, and environmental applications promoters used in plant transformation. In Vitro Cell Dev. Bio. Plant 2004, 40, 1-22. 

Many cell lines from humans and rodents are neoplastic either because they have been developed from tumors or because they have been neoplastically transformed in vitro, whereas the neoplastic standing of most fish cell lines is unknown29. The neoplastic status of a cell line is suggested by a characteristic set of in vitro properties and is proven by the in vivo behavior of causing tumors in suitable hosts. For most fish cell lines, knowledge about their capacity to cause tumors is unknown because an appropriate in vivo assay has yet to emerge164. 

Little JB, Vetroys H. 1988. Studies of ionizing radiation as a promoter of neoplastic transformation in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 53 661-666. 

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