Specifications Abbreviated tests

FCC. (1) Abbreviation for Food Chemicals Codex, a publication giving specifications and test methods for chemicals used in foods. (2) Abbreviation for fluid-cracking catalyst as used in the petroleum refining industry. Examples are powdered silica alumina, in which alumina is impregnated with dry synthetic silica gel, and various natural clays impregnated with alumina. 

SAE. Abbreviation for Society of Automotive Engineers. The initials are applied to its specifications and tests for motor fuels, oils, and steels. 

An abbreviated 510(k) is based on making a declaration of conformity to a recognised standard, special control, or specific FDA guidance. Again, the manufacturer must provide test data in support of this assertion. 

The limit of determination [or limit of quantitation (LOQ)] is defined in Directive 96/46/EC as the lowest concentration tested at which an acceptable mean recovery (normally 70-110%) and acceptable relative standard deviation (normally <20%) are obtained. The specific requirements for LOQ in crops, food, feed, soil, drinking and surface water, air, body fluids, and tissues are described in Section 4. Because the abbreviation LOD usually means limit of detection rather than limit of determination, the authors prefer not to use this abbreviation here in order to avoid confusion, and LOQ is used throughout. According to Directive 96/46/EC no data with regard to the limit of detection must be given. 

Pressure-sensitive adhesives are used in a great variety of applications, most commonly for adhesive tapes. In that case, they have to be tested by static shear test or dynamic shear test The difference between these two methods is that in static shear test a standard force is being applied to the test specimen and the adhesive failure is reported as the time it takes for failure to occur. The dynamic shear test involves a force being applied to the PSA tape at a specific rate of speed (typically 0.25 mm or 0.1 in. per minute). The value reported is as the peak force per unit area (Ib/in, also abbreviated as psi, and in SI units MPa) required to cause adhesive failure. The standards for adhesion shear tests are ASTM D3654, ISO EN 1943, and PSTC-107.i i ... 

It is traditional to begin books about polyurethanes by defining the class of polymers that has come to be known as polyurethanes. Unlike olefin-based polymers (polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), the uniqueness of polyurethane is that it results not from a specific monomer (ethylene, propylene, etc.), but rather from a type of reaction, specifically the fonnation of a specific chemical bond. Inevitably, the discussion in traditional books then progresses to the component parts, the production processes, and ultimately the uses. This is, of course, a logical progression inasmuch as most tests about polyurethanes are written for and by current or aspiring PUR (the accepted abbreviation for conventional polyurethanes) chemists. Unlike discussions about polyolefins where the monomer, for the most part, defines the properties of the final product, a discussion of PURs must begin with the wide variety of constituent parts and their effects on the resultant polymers. 

Quevenne Scale—This scale is used for milk testing and essentially represents an abbreviation of specific gravity, For example, 20° Quevenne indicates a specific gravity of 1,020 40° Quevenne. a specific gravity of 1,040, and so on, One lactometer unit approximates 0,29° Quevenne. 

The timing and sequence of treatments can be altered based on test requirements and persistency of the toxicant(s). However, it is recommended that the full battery of treatments be used. There is often a tendency to alter or modify the Phase I TIE treatment based on preconceived theories about the specific substance(s) responsible for toxicity. However, it is also possible that classes of compounds contributing to toxicity may be missed if the Phase I process is modified. Abbreviated Phase I TIEs may result in the loss of valuable and necessary information about the characteristics of the substances responsible for toxicity, which may lead to inconclusive results or erroneous conclusions, and can in fact delay resolution of the toxicity event (Norberg-King et al., 2005). 

Batch failure of the drug product does not necessarily occur when an individual test result does not meet the specifications outlined in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP), manufacturers new drug application (NDA), or abbreviated new drug application (ANDA). Additionally, an OOS result identified through a thorough laboratory investigation as laboratory error is not necessarily a batch failure. 

Assay Alternative name/abbreviation Genetic endpoint tested Specific damage detected... 

International System of Units (SI), to the extent possible, is used in most specifications, assays, and tests in this Food Chemicals Codex. The SI metric units, and other units and abbreviations commonly employed, are as follows ... 

Chapter 10 discussed test methods of interest in cellular plastics and related materials from a general point of view and listed industry, government, British and International (ISO) standards in a number of relevant subject areas. This chapter will list published specifications (139) and test methods (116) used in the United States, in addition to British Standards (28) and ISO International Standards (40). United States industry standards inlcude ASTM Test Methods (116), ASTM Practices, Guides, Definitions, Terminologies and Abbreviations (24), ASTM Specifications (23), SAE-AMS Specifications (25), and Underwriters Laboratories Standards (1). U.S. Government standards covered include Military Specifications (67), Military Standards (S), Federal Standards (2), Military Handbooks (6), and Federal Specifications (24). Most of these standards are undergoing frequent revision and unused standards are constantly being withdrawn. A total of 361 standards are covered. 

Fluorine-labeled analogues of C. vinosum high-potential iron protein have been investigated by F NMR spectroscopy. By incorporation of specific fluorine-labeled amino acid residues, one can insert unique probes at well-defined locations within the protein core. The synthesis and purification of 2-, 3-, and 4-fluorophenylalanine (abbreviated 2-F-, 3-F-, and 4-F-Phe, respectively), 3-fluorotyrosine (3-F-Tyr), and 5-fluorotr3q)tophan (5-F-Trp) derivatives of C. vinosum HiPIP, the assignment of F NMR resonances, the measurement of longitudinal relaxation times, and the temperature dependence of F and resonances have all been reported 42, 43, 136). These measurements were used to examine structural perturbations of mutants, the dynamics of interaction of residues with the cluster, and solvent accessibility, and as a test of the relative contribution of cross-relaxation to magnetization decay. 

The solvent donor number, first defined by Gutman [4] and abbreviated to DN, is a system specific, but quantitative measure of the ability of a substance to act as an electron pair donor. In its original form it is defined as the negative of the heat of reaction for the formation of the 1 1 adduct between the test substance and antimony pentachloride, measured in 1,2-dichloroethane as solvent (equation 12.2). 

As in the case of Vickers hardness, the Knoop hardness is specified by the numerical hardness value, followed by the abbreviation HK" and the load Pin kgf. A hardness specification of 1200 HKO.l represents a Knoop microhardness value of 1200 tested under a load of 100 gf = 0.1 kgf (0.981 N)-... 

Mflitary Standards are issued in two forms MIL-STD-XXXX, which are general in nature and presented in book format and those listed as MS-XXXX, which are specific to end items or parts and are presented in sheet format. The book format standards are comprehensive presentations of engineering practices (including test methods), procedures, processes, codes, safety requirements, symbols, abbreviations, nomenclature, type designations, and characteristics for standard equipments, either singly or in families. Mflitary Standards in the book format are also used to cover overall characteristics of a family of end items or major components. They are listed in Part II of the DODISS. 

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