Military specifications

U. S. Military Specifications. These are informative pubHcations describing characteristics of materials, methods of testing, sampling, packaging and criteria for acceptance, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 

A description of PTFE resins and their classification are given in ASTM D1457-83. A comprehensive listing of industrial and military specifications covering mechanical, electrical, and chemical appHcations of PTFE can be found in Reference 119. 

A description of modified ethylene—tetrafluoroethylene copolymers and their classification is given by the American Society for Testing and Materials under the designation D3159-83 (36). A comprehensive listing of industrial and military specifications is avaHable (37). 

One of the first attempts to produce polyurethane was from the reaction of an intermediate polyol of 1,3- and l,4-bis(hydroxyhexa uoroisopropyl)benzene m- and -12F-diols) by reaction with epichlorohydrin. This polyol was subsequentiy allowed to react with a commercial triisocyanate, resulting in a tough, cross-linked polyurethane (129,135,139). ASTM and military specification tests on these polyurethanes for weather resistance, corrosion prevention, bUster resistance, and ease of cleaning showed them to compare quite favorably with standard resin formulations. 

The bulk of hydrauhc fluids is specified and purchased on bid. Specifications and approval fists are issued by some manufacturers of hydraulic pumps and system components that require lubrication as well as power for control signal transmission. U.S. government military specifications for hydraulic fluids are fisted ia Table 12, and ASTM tests that are applicable to hydraulic fluids iaclude the foUowiag ... 

One hquid in this class intended for aircraft engine use is described in military specification MIL-L-87100 for operation from +15 to 300°C. Limitations of this class of synthetics are pour points of +5°C and higher, relatively poor lubricity, and high cost of 265/L ( 1000 + /gal) (44). Polyphenyl ether greases are available with good radiation resistance for appHcations in the temperature range of +5 to 288°C. 

Military Specification Mil-C-5541E, Defense QuaUty and Standardization Office, Falls Church, Va., Nov. 30,1990. 

Specifications. Among the many specifications covering refractory products, the best known are those pubUshed by ASTM. In addition, specifications are issued by the U.S. Government and the armed forces. The former are generally preceded by the prefix HH and the later by the prefix MIL. The ASTM refractory specifications always suggest a use, whereas federal and military specifications are iaconsistent ia this respect. 

Eederal military specification MIL-W-15117D, Amendment 3, Jan. 22, 1975, Washington, D.C. 

Most talc sold to paper, ceramics, and other industrial customers is manufactured to specifications agreed to between the producer and consumer. In paper, properties such as color, abrasion, surface area, and tint ate most important, whereas in ceramics, oxide chemistry, fired color, pressing characteristics, and alkaH metal content ate mote important. There ate some military specifications for talc used in corrosive coatings (6) and for cosmetic talc products used for cleaning of personnel in chemical warfare zones (7). 

No formal industrywide specifications for chlorosulfuric acid exist. Each producer or user estabUshes individual specifications as needed. However, typical commercial chlorosulfuric acid meets the specifications given in Table 2. The U.S. military specification MILC 379A appHes to a mixture of chlorosulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide. 

The U.S. military specification, M1L-P-27201B, requires 95% para content, 99.995% minimum hydrogen by difference, 50 vppm maximum total imputities, 9 vppm maximum combined nitrogen, water, and volatile hydrocarbons, 1 vppm maximum combined oxygen and argon, 39 vppm maximum helium, 1 vppm maximum carbon monoxide and dioxide, and a 10/40 micrometers nominal /absolute particulate filtration level. Liquid hydrogen is stored in double-walled vessels with evacuated pedite or multilayer insulation and transported in similarly insulated 50,000-L trailers or 900,000-L barges. 

A phenomenon known as silver migration has limited the use of silver plating in miniature circuit boards under a positive d-c potential within a damp environment silver can migrate across insulation. On drying, silver is found in the insulation or media creating a leakage path. Silver plating is forbidden in many military specifications for circuit boards. 

Environmental documentation, including Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS), military specification data, permits (e.g., NPDES, POTW, RCRA), SARA Title III reports, waste manifests, and any pending permits or application information... 

Manufacturers and other bodies have issued their own designations, which may be encountered occasionally. Most important is the US Military specification MIL-L-2105D (which replaced M1L-L-2105C) corresponding to API GL-5, and introduced approval for multi-grade gear oils. 

Table 10.9 lists some common zinc anode alloys. In three cases aluminium is added to improve the uniformity of dissolution and thereby reduce the risk of mechanical detachment of undissolved anode material . Cadmium is added to encourage the formation of a soft corrosion product that readily crumbles and falls away so that it cannot accumulate to hinder dissolution. The Military Specification material was developed to avoid the alloy passivating as a result of the presence of iron . It later became apparent that this material suffered intergranular decohesion at elevated temperatures (>50°C) with the result that the material failed by fragmentation". The material specified by Det Norske Veritas was developed to overcome the problem the aluminium level was reduced under the mistaken impression that it produced the problem. It has since been shown that decohesion is due to a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism and that it can be overcome by the addition of small concentrations of titanium". It is not clear whether... 

Refs 1) US Joint Army-Navy Specification JAN-M-454 (21 Feb 1947) with Amendment 1 (15 Feb 1952), Magnesium-Aluminum Alloy, Powdered 2) N.H. Furman, Scott s Standard Methods of Chemical Analysis , 5th Ed, Vol 1, Van Nostrand, Princeton, NJ (1961), 539—53 3) US Military Specification... 

Military Standard (Mil Std). An authoritative USA Dept of Defense publication setting forth uniform procedures, definitions and standards for mandatory use thruout the Depts of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. See Military Specification for distribution source Ref OrdTechTerm (1962), 192-R... 

Analytical. The quantitative analysis of Minol II is given in US Military Specification MIL-M-14745 (MU), Amendment 1 (15 June 1972)... 

The most widely used nitrating agents in the prepn of important military and commercial high expls are the mixed acids (MA) consisting of various mixts of HN03/H2S04/H20. Consequently the remainder of this section will be devoted to a discussion of mixed acids. In view of the obvious importance of its use in the prepn of military expls, there is a US Military Specification for Mixed Acid (for use in nitration of explosives) MIL-A-50210(MU) (6 December 1968). The Requirements for mixed acid prescribed in this specification are ... 

The USA Military Specification (Ref 2) contains the following requirements and criteria ... 

The USA Military Specification (Ref 8) contains the following chemical criteria and requirements (1) As2Os by sodium thiosulfate—iodine titration 99.0% min, (2) As203 by carbonate-iodine titration 0.05% max, (3) Cl as AgCl turbidity 0.005% max, (4) heavy metals as PbS turbidity 0.010% max, (5) Fe as a Fe(CNS)3. 9KCNS.4H20 red coloration 0,010% max and (6) nitrate as an indigo carmen blue coloration which persists for over 5 mins... 

There are two USA Military Specifications for the use of silica in ammo (Refs 3 4),... 

The USA Military Specification (Ref 14) contains the following requirements and criteria (1) a pre-production sample must meet the Spec requirements, (2) silicon monoxide shall be of a high purity grade, (3) chemical compn as detd by the powder—D-C arc semiquantitative technique... 

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