Salmonella testing reverse mutation test

Much toxicological data are available on this red pigment acute oral toxicity in mice, 90-day subchronic toxicological study, acute dermal irritation and corrosion, acute eye irritation and corrosion, anti-tumor effectiveness, micronucleus test in mice, AMES test Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay), estimation of antibiotic activity, and results of estimation of five mycotoxins. A new patent on Arpink Red was filed in 2001 with claims of anti-cancer effects of the anthraquinone derivatives and apphcations in the food and pharmaceutical fields. 

Assays for Gene Mutations Salmonella Typhimurium reverse mutation assay (Ames test, / ... 

The bacterial and mammalian cell assays for gene mutation were developed to measure statistically significant increases in the numbers of mutant colonies derived from rare events many millions of exposed cells must be plated out to allow the assessment of mutation frequency. The Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assay ( Ames test) is carried out in a variety of different mutant strains selected to identify the various classes of mutation. The test generates many hundreds of Petri dishes for counting and is not practical for profiling. 

Glycidol gave a positive response in assays of prophage induction and SOS repair m Escherichia coli. Results were uniformly positive in several Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation assays and in two fungal mutation assays. The sex-linked recessive lethal mutation assay and the heritable translocation test in Drosophila melanogaster also gave positive results. 

A Salmonella typhimurium reverse mutation test for determination of potential mutagenic activity of the crosslinked gelatin microcarrier component was performed with Spheramine. 

Sodium chlorite is not Hsted by the USEPA or any regulatory authority as a carcinogen. Studies conducted ia mice and rats did not show an increase in tumors in animals exposed to sodium chlorite in thek drinking water. Sodium chlorite has been found to have mutagenic activity in some in vitro test systems such as the Ames Salmonella reverse mutation assay without the presence of metaboHc activators. The significance of these test results in regard to human health is not clear because of the oxidizing effects of the chlorite ion (149). 

Physicochemical properties requked include melting/boiling point, vapor pressure, solubiUty, and flammabiUty/explosion characteristics. The toxicological studies include acute toxicity tests, oral, inhalation, and dermal skin and eye kritation skin sensiti2ation subacute toxicity, oral, inhalation, and dermal and mutagenicity tests. In vitro reverse mutation assay (Ames test) on Salmonella typhimurium and/or E.scherichia coli and mammalian cytogenic test. In vivo mouse micronucleus test. 

The Ames Salmonella typhimurium microsome reverse mutation test (ability to produce point gene mutations of a base pair). 

Macgregor, J.T., D.H. Gould, A.D. Mitchell, and G.P. Sterling. 1979. Mutagenicity tests of diflubenzuron in the micronucleus test in mice, the L5178Y mouse forward mutation assay, and the Ames Salmonella reverse mutation test. Mutat. Res. 66 45-53. 

Prokaryotic organisms Salmonella typhimurium TA82, TA102 Reverse mutation - Not tested De Flora etal. 1984 KCN... 

In the bacterial mutation test, the mutagenic potential of a pharmaceutical and its metabolites is evaluated by measuring and quantifying its ability to induce reverse mutations at selected loci of Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. This test system has been shown to detect a diverse group of chemical mutagens.3,4 The technical details of this test have been reported in the literature.5-7... 

The test is commonly employed as an initial screen for genotoxic activity and, in particular, for point mutation-inducing activity. It detects point mutations, which involve substimtion, addition or deletion of one or a few DNA base pairs. The reverse mutation test in either Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli detects mutation in an amino acid requiring strain (histidine or tryptophan, respectively) to produce a strain independent of an outside supply of amino acid. The principle of the test is that it detects mutations, which revert mutations present in the test strains and restore the functional capability of the bacteria to synthesize an essential amino acid. The revertant bacteria are detected by their ability to grow in the absence of the amino acid required by the parent test strain. 

Ecoflex (powder) was tested for its mutagenic potential on the basis of its ability to induce point mutations in several bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coll) in a reverse mutation assay (Ames test), according to OECD guideline 471. Results revealed that the polyester is not mutagenic to bacteria. 

CHT has not been tested thoroughly for mutagenicity. On the basis of unpublished studies conducted by Edgewood, it has been suggested that CHT is nonmutagenlc in the Salmonella reverse-mutation test,H the micronucleus test in mice,H and a dominant-lethal test in rats.6 Limitations in the available data base, however, make it impossible to reach clear conclusions regarding the genotoxi-city of CHT. 

The Salmonella reverse-mutation test reported for CHT does not seem to have been an adequate negative test. In strains TA1538 and TA100 with metabolic activation, the range of dosages was too... 

Salmonella typhimurium TA98, reverse mutation (spot test) Salmonella typhimurium TA98, reverse mutation... 

Trueman, R.W. (1981) Activity of 42 coded compounds in the Salmonella reverse mutation test... 

Ladner, A. (1982) 4-Chloromethylbiphenyl (4CMB), benzyl chloride (BC) and 4-hydroxy-methylbiphenyl (4HMB) reverse mutation tests with Salmonella typhimurium. Mutat. Res., 100, 27-31... 

Trueman, R.W. (1981) Activity of 42 coded compounds in the Salmonella reverse mutation test. In de Serres, F.J. Ashby. J., eds, Evaluation of Short-Term Tests for Carcinogens. Report of the International Collaborative Program (Progress in Mutation Research, Vol. 1), Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 343-350... 

Sacks, L.E. MacGregor, J.T. (1982) The B. subtilis multigene spomlation test for mutagens detection of mutagens inactive in the Salmonella his reversion test. Mutat. Res.. 95, 191-202... 

SAO, Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO, reverse mutation, fluetuation test - + 10 Hubbard et al. (1981)... 

SA9, Salmonella typhhmirium TA98, reverse mutation, fluetuation test... 

SAO, Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO, reverse mutation (spot test) SAO, Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO, reverse mutation SAO, Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO, reverse mutation SAO, Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO, reverse mutation SAO, Salmonella typhimurium TAIOO, reverse mutation... 

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