Mutagenic potential

In terms of mutagenicity, AOS have been reviewed by Yam et al. [154] and Oba and Takei [155]. The majority of the data indicate no mutagenic potential. 

Vijayaraghavan M, Nagarajan B. 1994. Mutagenic potential of acute exposure to organophosphoms and organochlorine compounds. Mutat Res 321 103- 111. 

The mutagenic potential of diisopropyl methylphosphonate was investigated using the Ames assay. The compound was obtained from two different sources and tested on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-1535, TA-1537, TA-1538, TA-98, and TA-100, both with and without S-9 activation. The compound did not demonstrate mutagenic activity in any of the assays (Hart 1980). Diisopropyl methylphosphonate was also negative for gene mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Hart 1980). 

Williams DT, Nestmann ER. LeBel GL, et al. 1982. Determination of mutagenic potential and organic contaminants of Great Lakes drinking water. Chemosphere 11 263-276. 

Mutagenic responses were produced in Escherichia coli and certain strains of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria by 2,3,7,8-TCDD, but not by octa-CDD (Vos 1978). Further, chromosomal aberrations were induced in at least one species of higher plant and mammal (Ramel 1978). It must be concluded at this time that 2,3,7,8-TCDD is mutagenic or has mutagenic potential. 

In vivo testing for mutagenic potential has also not been conducted. The carcinogenic potential for hexachloroethane has only been evaluated for the oral route. 

The mutagenic potential of hexachloroethane has not been evaluated in humans. Because hexachloroethane has been detected at hazardous waste sites, it would be useful to evaluate the potential for hexachloroethane to induce mutagenic effects in human cells (e.g., peripheral lymphocytes). 

D-Phenothrin (I) Not likely to be carcinogenic to humans. Rat liver tumors occurred only at excessively toxic doses (limit dose) and mouse hepatocellular adenomas, which are common, did not achieve statistical significance (p < 0.01). Additionally, acceptable mutagenicity studies were negative for mutagenic potential [97] No tumorigenicity was observed [11]. 

Shukla Y, Taneja P (2002) Mutagenic potential of cypermethrin in mouse dominant lethal assay. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 21 259-265... 

In vivo mammalian mutation tests are not restricted to germ cell tests. The mouse spot test described below is, again, a test used first for studying radiation-induced mutation but has also been used for screening chemicals for in vivo mutagenic potential. This test has had several proponents but compared with in vivo chromosomal assays is not widely used. 

Ishidate, M., Jr. (1988b). A proposed battery of tests for the initial evaluation of the mutagenic potential of medicinal and industrial chemicals. Mutation Res. 205 397-407. 

Genotoxicity. No in vivo studies were found in humans or animals following inhalation, oral, or dermal exposure to endrin. Microbial assays and one mammalian cell assay have demonstrated that endrin does not have mutagenic potential with or without metabolic activation (Ames et al. 1975 Glatt et al. 

Flerbold B. 1980. Dominant lethal test on male mouse to evaluate S276 for mutagenic potential. Report No. 9440. Bayer AG, Institute of Toxicology, Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany. 

In the bacterial mutation test, the mutagenic potential of a pharmaceutical and its metabolites is evaluated by measuring and quantifying its ability to induce reverse mutations at selected loci of Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. This test system has been shown to detect a diverse group of chemical mutagens.3,4 The technical details of this test have been reported in the literature.5-7... 

Part III This part is to ensure that safety tests have been carried out according to GLPThe data to be submitted are toxicity (single dose and repeated dose), reproduction function, embryo-fetal and perinatal toxicity, mutagenic potential, carcinogenic potential, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and local tolerance. 

Vaughan-Dellarco VL, Fowle JR, Rosenthal S. 1985. Assessment of the mutagenic potential of carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane, ethylene dichloride, and methyl bromide A comparative analysis in relation to ethylene dibromide. Washington, DC U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. EPA/600/6- 85/001. 

Marshall TC, Dorough HW, Swim HE. 1976. Screening of pesticides for mutagenic potential using Salmonella typhimurium mutants. J Agric Food Chem 24(3) 560-563. 

Anderson D. 1976. Paradichlorobenzene Estimation of its mutagenic potential in the Salmonella typhimurium plate incorporation mutagenicity assay. ICI Report No. CTL/P/298. November. 

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