Genotoxicity activity

Klopman G, Contreras R, Rosenkranz HS, et al. 1985. Stmcture-genotoxic activity relationships of pesticides Comparison of the results from several short-term assays. Mutat Res 147 343-356. 

De Marco A, De Simone C, D Ambrosio C, Owczarek M (1999) Buthionine sul-foximine prevents the reduction of the genotoxic activity of maleic hydrazide by soil humic substances in Vicia faba seedlings. Mutat Res 438 89-95... 

Under the influence of pectin-vitamin pills the quantity of micronucleus cells of mouth cavity mucous decreased from 0.060+0.007% to 0.041+0.007%. This fact shows minimizing of genotoxic activity. Girls have had a decline from 0.05% to 0.04%, and boys - from 0.064 to 0.05%. Similar changes, and even more pronounced, have occurred in leukocytes of the peripheral blood. (Table 6)... 

Venkat JA, Shami S, Davis K, et al. 1995. Relative genotoxic activities of pesticides evaluated by a modified SOS microplate assay. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 25 67-76. 

The demonstration of genotoxic activity in a pharmaceutical molecule may not necessarily translate into discontinuation of development and ultimate licensing of the product to be marketed. A survey of the Physicians Desk Reference reveals many examples of pharmaceutical products that have been shown to elicit genotoxic activity in one or more gene-tox assays.41 This observation indicates that other factors (such as risk, benefit, seriousness of ailment, target patient population, dosage, and frequency of administration, among others) are taken into consideration. 

M. Venturi, R. J. Hambly, B. Glinghammar, J. J. Rafter and I. R. Rowland, Genotoxic activity in human faecal water and the role of bile acids a study using the alkaline comet assay. Carcinogenesis, 1997,18(12), 2353. 

The test is commonly employed as an initial screen for genotoxic activity and, in particular, for point mutation-inducing activity. It detects point mutations, which involve substimtion, addition or deletion of one or a few DNA base pairs. The reverse mutation test in either Salmonella typhimurium or Escherichia coli detects mutation in an amino acid requiring strain (histidine or tryptophan, respectively) to produce a strain independent of an outside supply of amino acid. The principle of the test is that it detects mutations, which revert mutations present in the test strains and restore the functional capability of the bacteria to synthesize an essential amino acid. The revertant bacteria are detected by their ability to grow in the absence of the amino acid required by the parent test strain. 

McGregor DB, Riach CG, Hastell RM, et al. 1980. Genotoxicity activity in microorganisms of tetryl, 1,3-dinitrobenzene and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene. Environ Mutagen 2 531-541. 

Martelli A, Allavena A, Ghia M, et al Cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of 1,3-dichloropropene in cultured mammalian cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 120 114—119, 1993... 

Dimethyl carbamoyl chloride is a direct-acting alkylating agent with a wide spectrum of genotoxic activity." ACGIH has classified dimethyl carbamoyl as A2-a suspected human carcinogen with no threshold limit value (TLV). 

Phenylhydrazine is mutagenic in vitro, and there is some evidence to indicate that it may express genotoxic activity in vivo ... 

Arrouijal FZ, Marzin D, Hildebrand HF, et al. 1992. Differences in genotoxic activity of -Ni3S2 on human lymphocytes from nickel-hypersensitized and nickel-unsensitized donors. Mutagenesis 7(3) 183-187. 

Ogawa HI, Shibahara T, Iwata H, et al. 1994. Genotoxic activities in vivo of cobaltous chloride and other metal chlorides as assayed in the Drosophila wing spot test. Mutat Res 320 133-140. 

Gastrin inhibition. Hydrogenated oil, administered to adult rats, produced a significant reduction in antral and plasma gastrin concentrations . Gastrointestinal effect. Oil, administered to rats, induced the secretion of surfactantlike particles in the small intestine ". Genotoxic activity. Coconut oil acid diethanolamine condensate with or without S9 activation enzyme, in cell culture, pro-... 

Miguel, A. H., J. M. Daisey, and J. A. Sousa, Comparative Study of the Mutagenic and Genotoxic Activity Associated with Inhalable Particulate Matter in Rio de Janeiro Air, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 15, 36-43 (1990). 

Smith-Oliver, T. Butterworth, B.E. (1987) Correlation of the carcinogenic potential of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) with induced hyperplasia rather than with genotoxic activity. Mutat. Res., 188, 21-28... 

Glycidol possesses a reactive epoxide moiety. This is likely to be responsible for the genotoxic activity of the compound without a requirement for metabolic activation. 

De Flora, S., Zanacchi, R, Camoirano, A., Bennicelli, C. Badolati, G.S. (1984) Genotoxic activity and potency of 135 compounds in the Ames reversion test and in a bacterial DNA-repair test. Matot. Res., 133, 161-198... 

The results of short-term tests on nitromethane do not indicate that the compound has genotoxic activity. 

Although it appears that PBBs are not mutagenic, due to their enzyme induction properties, they may potentiate the genotoxic activity of other compounds by activation to reactive intermediates. 

Chlorpromazine is a tranquilizing and antiemetic agent that may cause a number of side effects in the circulatory and nervous system and adverse effects on blood cells, skin, and the eye. Recent studies suggest a possible genotoxic activity for chlorpromazine, whereas it has been established that certain reactive metabolic intermediates are capable of binding with macromolecules including DNA. 

Victorin, K., Busk, L., Cederberg, H. Magnusson, J. (1990) Genotoxic activity of 1,3-butadiene and nitrogen dioxide and their photochemical reaction products in Drosophila and in mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. Mutat. Res., 228, 203-209... 

It has a wide spectrum of genotoxic activity, which is expressed as a result of its direct alkylating activity. 

Workers exposed to dimethyl sulfate have developed chromosomal aberrations in their circulating lymphocytes. Dimethy l sulfate has been subjected to a broad range of in-vitro tests for genotoxic activity, in which positive results were consistently found without the need for exogenous metabolic activation systems. It has also consistently produced positive responses in the small number of in-vivo tests to which it has been subjected. It forms a variety of alkylated bases with DNA in vitro and the same alkylated bases are formed in vivo. 

Most of the broad of tests for genotoxic activity have produced negative results, but positive results were obtained in a cell transformation assay and conflicting results were obtained in mouse bone-marrow cell tests for mieronueleus induction. 

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