Safety observations participants

Director Demonstrate leadership, show visible support Participate in incident investigation process Site safety visit provide a visible presence in work area with a safety emphasis Participate in weekly safety meetings Review safety performance reports Hold team members accountable for safety requirements Conduct a safety observation Participate in audits/ inspections Lead safety toolbox meetings Participate in reward/ recognition event... 

Managers Demonstrate a personal commitment to safety at all times Participate in incident investigation process Lead weekly safety meetings Conduct safety observations Participate in audits/ inspections ... 

Sponsor and participate in critical OE processes make safety observations, participate in a job safety analysis (JSA), see Figure 4.4 (below), or an incident investigation to determine root causes. 

This study goes beyond much of the earlier research and— following the approach of Hunt and Habeck (1993) and Hunt et al. (1993)—seeks to estimate the role of HRM practices in the determination of workers compensation costs in a multivariate framework. It uses a workplace safety model that incorporates a wider variety of HRM practices than has been previously employed. In particular, it analyzes the impact of the three important dimensions of HRM practices on safety employee participation in decision making, employee participation in financial returns, and the firm s management safety culture. In addition, this is the first study to consider file effect of each of these factors on claim frequency and claim severity, and to ask whether any observed change is file result of changes in technical efficiency or moral hazard (principal-agent) incentives. 

Participates in the company safety improvement and safety observation programs... 

When healthcare workers safely behaviours were assessed through observational techniques, Zohar et al. (2007) showed both group and hospital level culture as predictors of the future safety behaviours (e.g. medication and emergency safety), observed in a sample of 955 nurses in Israel. Since observations can be difficult to gather in hospitals, self-report measures are also used to assess safety behaviours such as workers safety compliance and safety participation behaviours). Positive associations between safely culture and their self-reported measure of safety behaviours were shown in a sample of 525 employees in an Australian hospital (Neal et al. 2000). Later, improvements in these behaviours at the group level were linked to a reduction in future aceident rates (Neal and Griffin 2006). A similar measure was included as a measure of workers safety behaviour in this Scottish study. 

Employee participation is common in workplace inspections. A joint committee, an employee committee that performs several functions, or a single-function inspection committee can conduct inspections, or an individual employee acting as safety observer can do so, as discussed [7]. 

Whatever method you choose, employees must be trained to recognize hazards. They also should have access to a safety professional and written references. For meaningful participation, the committee or safety observer should be able to suggest methods of correcting hazards and to track corrections to completion [7]. 

The positions interviewed in the 2013 data collection were captain, first officer, chief engineer, deck foreman, ROV supervisor, surveyor, mooring supervisors/controllers and marine representative for the operator (oil company). Interviews were transcribed from audio files, as all interviews were recorded. The quotes used in this article are all translated from Norwegian. Observations with conversations in between interviews were conducted over a period of around 14 hours daily. Observational notes were taken at the time the observation was made or shortly thereafter and included in a field log as documentation. As the observations, participation and interviews that form the empirical basis of this article were made and conducted in 2009 and 2013, respectively, comparisons allow for discussion on developments in both operational practices and safety management. 

A recent series of studies suggests the importance of employees conducting safety observations. Austin and Alvero (in press, also Chapter 27) have shown that when employees conduct safety observations using a safety checklist, their performance of safety practices on the checklist improves and becomes more consistent. These studies lend credibility to our own data suggesting that (1) departments with high levels of observations have lower injury rates than departments that are not as successful at conducting observations and (2) the injury rates of employees who participate in conducting observations are 50 percent lower than those of employees who do not conduct observations. 

At the end of Monday s safety meeting, Randy, the maintenance group s employee safety representative, announces that on Tuesday he will conduct a safety observation of the maintenance crew working on Unit 1. On Tuesday afternoon Randy gets Jim, another maintenance employee, and says, Come with me to Unit 1.1 want to do a safety observation of the crew there and would like you to come see how these are done so that you can do them later on. Your participation is totally voluntary, but it ll help us ensure a safe workplace. ... 

Area safety team Supervisor, employee safety representative, and employees who normally meet for safety meetings Participate in observations Set improvement goals Implement action plans appropriate for their areas... 

The safety award process provides recognition and celebrations of participation and success within the safety process. Awards are provided to teams that meet estabhshed goals and for individuals who report near misses and conduct all scheduled safety observations within the area, for example. Awards are not merely based on going some period without an incident. 

Area meets its safety target for a quarter. Area diat maintains safety observation process for a year. Area discussion with plant manager Opportunity to participate on steering committee Time to discuss issues with supervision Lunch certificates... 

Providing positive consequences wiU be most effective for improving your process, that is, for supporting quality observations, participation, and goal achievement (see guidelines for recognition and celebrations at the end of this chapter). In fact, consequences for most safety practices are difficult to manipulate. Adding... 

Now that a clever intervention had been developed, how could we get it off the ground We faced two significant challenges. First, how would we establish random sampling of observations Second, how would we motivate employees to perform the observations Our solution to both challenges was both simple and extremely effective. A fishbowl fiiU of slips of paper was placed near the exit of the linemen s station. Written on some slips was a specific time while others were blank. The times shown on the slips indicated when employees should conduct an observation on themselves and their team members. As employees exited the station to head toward a work site, they were asked to take a slip out of the bowl. To motivate participation, they would automatically receive a treat, such as a candy bar, when they did so. The response was extraordinary Everyone wanted to participate. Employees began to set their wristwatch timers to the time indicated on their slips as a reminder to conduct safety observations, and they offered to pitch in money in order to increase the selection of treats. 

This part of the analysis is usually prepared by watching the worker do the job. The observer is normally the immediate supervisor but a more thorough analysis often happens by having another person, preferable a member of the joint occupational health and safety committee, participate in the observation. Key points are less likely to be missed in this way. 

Another area where you can get involved in safety is participating in job observations or job safety analyses when you have the chance. It s an excellent way to learn about safety. Compliment a coworker who s working safely— Hey Bobby, I see you ve got that guard on the table saw. Good job In fact, it is this type of observation that is the cornerstone of behavior-based safety. 

Stagger your rewards. It doesn t have to be all or nothing. If an employee partly completes the objective (e.g., participates in 25 safety observations versus 30), give some reward. 

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