Positional association

The observation of the departure from cubic symmetry above Tm co-incident with the appearance of the central peak scattering serves to resolve the conflict between dynamic and lattice strain models. The departure from cubic symmetry may be attributed to a shift in the atomic equilibrium position associated with the soft-mode anharmonicity. In such a picture, the central peak then becomes the precusor to a Bragg reflection for the new structure. 

Fig. 1 Results from a redundancy analysis of stream nutrient concentrations vs. catchment characteristics in 31 headwater catchments in Catalonia (Spain). Note how phosphorus (SRP) and ammonium (NH4) appear associated with urban point and diffuse sources (Urban percent urban land use, Inhabs number of inhabitants, eq. inhab inhabitant equivalents), whereas nitrate (NO3) concentration is positively associated with irrigated agriculture (IrrAg) and bovine cattle units (ECU), and negatively with mean catchment slope (slope) and percent forest land (Forest). The other variables are Area log area, P precipitation, NonIrrAg non irrigated agriculture. Data are from the Catalan water agency (http //ww.gencat.cat/ac)...

Therefore drought resistance (in terms of plant production) is positively associated with T or Ea, m or WUE and HI under drought stress. A simple simulation using (1) would indicate that a given increase in Tor m is most effective towards plant production when water stress is not severe. 

On the evidence given here, the tablet conditioner seemed to work well, but the geometrical positions associated with the means (1.249, 1.775) differ from those with the means (1.069. .. 1.107) indeed, five of these positions were near the entry port of the controlled-humidity airstream, and the other two were situated in comers somewhat protected from the air currents. The 1.159 group marks the boundary of the acceptable region. 

After our formulation of the hypothesis in 1975, many pieces of evidence have come to support the basic theme. A positive association of dysplasia, representing advanced stages of the process, with nitrite levels in the gastric juice has been reported in England and Colombia (, . Higher than expected... 

No association. - = Inverse association. + = Positive association. ATBC = a-Tocopherol, p-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study. PSA = Prostate-specific antigen. 

Inverse association. + = Positive association. 0 = No association. CHD = coronary heart disease. CVD = cardiovascular disease. Ml = myocardial infarction. IMT = intima media thickness. CCA-IMT = common carotid artery intima media thickness. LDL = low-density lipoprotein. 

Although earlier work had showed a positive association between coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer rates across countries,2 it was the much-publicized case-control study of MacMahon et al.3 in 1981 that attracted widespread attention to the question of a possible link. In that study, which was designed primarily to investigate the role of smoking and alcohol in pancreatic cancer, 369 pancreatic cancer patients prior to diagnosis and 644 hospital controls reported their typical daily coffee and tea consumption. Unexpectedly, the authors found a significantly increased risk of pancreatic cancer associated with coffee consumption (overall rela-... 

In 1981, Lawson et al.,87 for example, compared a group of 210 women hospitalized for fibrocystic disease with 241 women who had breast cancer and were drawn from two ongoing studies in different countries. They matched each case to three female control patients on age, current smoking habits, country, and study. Recent coffee and tea consumption in cases and controls were compared and were shown to have a modest positive association with hot beverage consumption for both fibrocystic disease and breast cancer, but there was no dose-response relationship. The risk of fibrocystic disease associated with heavy consumption of hot beverages (7+ cups per day) vs. none was elevated but not statistically significant. 

Taken together, the results of both the occupational and general population studies do not provide conclusive evidence that lead exposure, as assessed by PbB levels, is positively associated with hyper-... 

A weak but statistically significant positive association was found between PbB level and BUN, PbB level and serum creatinine CCT was reduced with increased PbB level. The same associations were found with urinary lead level. The NAG levels in the lead-exposed workers were significantly increased over control values, and significantly increased with increasing PbB level and urinary lead level (when the data were adjusted for age). These results indicate that lead exposure resulting in relatively low PbB levels can affect renal function. 

A later analysis (Emhart et al. 1987) related PbB levels obtained at delivery (maternal and cord blood) and at 6 months, 2 years, and 3 years of age to developmental tests (MDI, PDI, Kent Infant Development Scale [KID], and Stanford-Binet IQ) administered at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years of age, as appropriate. After controlling for covariates and confounding risk factors, the only significant associations of blood lead with concurrent or later development were an inverse association between maternal (but not cord) blood lead and MDI, PDI, and KID at 6 months, and a positive association between 6-month PbB and 6-month KID. The investigators concluded that, taken as a whole, the results of the 21 analyses of correlation between blood lead and developmental test scores were "reasonably consistent with what might be expected on the basis of sampling variability," that any association of blood lead level with measures of development was likely to be due to the dependence of both PbB and... 

IPCS (1995) also confirmed that the positive association between lead measures and indicators of social disadvantage. When social and other confounding factors are controlled, the effect in most cases was to reduce the strength of the association between lead measures and IQ without, however, changing the direction. 

Staessen JA, Lauwerys RR, Bulpitt CJ, et al. 1994a. Is a positive association between lead exposure and blood pressure supported by animal experiments Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 3(3) 257-63. 

Population studies associate tomato consumption with reduced risk to prostate cancer. The most positive associations have come from cohort studies performed before the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-screening era, and these studies have suggested that the tomato/lycopene effect was the strongest for clinically relevant prostate cancers (Giovannucci 2007). Small human studies have shown in vivo antioxidant effects for tomato products but evidence for lycopene alone is weak (Chen et al. 2001, Porrini and Riso 2000, Riso et al. 2004, Zhao et al. 2006). Animal and tissue culture studies have been... 

Inayama Y, Yoneda H, Sakai T, Ishida T, Nonomura Y, Kono Y et al. Positive association between a DNA sequence variant in the serotonin 2A receptor gene and schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet 1996 67[1] 103 105. 

Several studies have suggested a positive association between fruit and vegetable intake (particularly fmit) and pulmonary function (Walda and others 2002 Watson and others 2002 Celik and Topcu 2006). Fruit and vegetable consumption has been suggested to maintain a healthy pulmonary function in well-adult populations, and improving lung... 

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