Worker safety

Administration, the damage to OSHAs fragile reputation had been done, and it had beeome the poster child for senseless regulation. 

With the first assault on the wane in mid-1986, John A. Pendergrass, another industrial hygienist, took over the helm at OSHA. During the first interregnum. 

President George W. Bush s Secretary of Labor, Elaine Chao, was the wife of Kentucky Senator Mitch McConnell, the chairperson of the Republican Senatorial Campaign Committee and a tireless critic of OSHA and MSHA. At 

Two disasters in 2008 generated similar pressures on OSHA to kick its moribund rulemaking process into gear, but to less effect. On February 8, 2008, the Dixie Crystal sugar refinery in Port Wentworth, Ceorgia, exploded in a fireball 

Hexavalent Chromium. After concluding that hexavalent chromium at existing exposure levels posed a high lung cancer risk to workers, NIOSH in 1975 recommended that OSHA set a permissible exposure level (PEL) of 1 microgram per cubic meter (pg/m ). Because the existing national consensus standard  

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An extremely important safety issue with respect to ah. wood product manufacturing processes is personal worker safety. Ah of the processes use much moving machinery, usuahy including many saws or knives. Workers must continuahy remember the inherent dangers these machines involve as weh as other possible dangerous situations which could result from malfunctions or other errors. In addition, most processes are more or less dusty and noisy. Most employers require use of safety glasses and many require hearing protection, safety shoes, and hardhats as weh as other kinds of protection needed for Specific jobs. 

Air Monitoring. The atmosphere in work areas is monitored for worker safety. Volatile amines and related compounds can be detected at low concentrations in the air by a number of methods. Suitable methods include chemical, chromatographic, and spectroscopic techniques. For example, the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods has methods based on gas chromatography which are suitable for common aromatic and aHphatic amines as well as ethanolamines (67). Aromatic amines which diazotize readily can also be detected photometrically using a treated paper which changes color (68). Other methods based on infrared spectroscopy (69) and mass spectroscopy (70) have also been reported. 

Entry into a tank that has contained any chlorinated or any easily evaporated solvent requires special procedures to ensure worker safety. The heavier vapors tend to concentrate in unventilated spaces. The proper tank entry procedure requires positive ventilation, testing for residue solvent vapor and oxygen levels, and the use of respiratory equipment and rescue harness. Monitoring the tank from outside is also important. The use of an appropriate gas mask is permissible in vapor concentrations of less than 2% and when there is no deficiency of atmospheric oxygen, but not for exposures exceeding one-half hour. Skin exposure to 1,1,1-trichloroethane can cause irritation, pain, bHsters, and even burning. Eye exposure may produce irritation, but should... 

Adequate ventilation is necessary for aH process lines to ensure worker safety. Electroless copper baths must have good ventilation to remove toxic formaldehyde vapors and caustic mist generated by the hydrogen evolution reactions and air sparging. Electroless nickels need adequate ventilation to remove nickel and ammonia vapors. Some states and municipalities requite the removal of ammonia from wastewaters. A discussion of printed circuit board environmental issues and some sludge reduction techniques is avaHable (25). 

Reducing the temperature by 75-100°F dramatieally improves the thermal stability of packaging adhesives, resulting in significant cost savings for equipment maintenance, as well as greater worker safety. Such adhesives became possible with the availability of low MW EVA base polymers (MI of 800 and above). They rely on low MW refined paraffin wax and a blend of resins chosen for the specific application [67,68]. 

Free phenol is a major concern in the manufacture of novolac resins. This is true for several reasons. The strongest drivers are probably EPA classification of phenol as a Hazardous Air Pollutant and worker safety concerns. However, free phenol also has significant technical effects on such parameters as melt flow characteristics. In this role, free phenol may undermine the desired effects of a molecular weight design by increasing flow beyond the desired point. Since free phenol is often variable, the effects on flow may also cause variation in product performance from batch to batch. Fig. 18 shows the effects of free phenol on the flow across a series of molecular weights. Free phenol contents between 1 and 10% are commonly seen. In recent years, much work has been aimed at reducing the free phenol. 

On April 6, 1994, OSHA published its final revisions to the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) standard in the Federal Register, Vol. 59, No. 66. With the implementation date of July 5, 1994, the regulation, applicable to the general industry, represented major changes in the selection and use of PPE. OSHA believes that through compliance with the PPE standard, safety statistics that track worker safety will improve. These improvements will add up to 712,000 lost workdays and 95,000 recordable cases. 

The 40 CFR regulations have more limited worker safety and health requirements than 1910.120, whieh resulted in eertain defieieneies in the emergeney response plan. Subeontraetor employees indieated uneer-tainty about eorreet evaeuation proeedures and stated that they were unaware that sueh a plan was eurrently in plaee. Due to the departure of the safety and health manager at this site, employees did not know who to eall in an emergeney or where the number would be listed. 

Our commitment to worker safety can help us attract good people and reduce turnover. 

Employees must take most of the responsibility for protecting themselves from chemical hazards. However, adequate training and frequent reminders from the employer can help ensure that they take that responsibility. The following are some basic chemical-safety tips to incorporate in a worker-safety-training program or to post on the bulletin board ... 

State of California. 1991. Setting revised specific numerical values. Department of Eood and Agriculture. Division of Pest Management, Environmental Protection and Worker Safety. 

Procedures used in a laboratory must be recorded for easy reference, down to the smallest detail. An analytical laboratory will often use standard procedures from official publications, but to these must be added references to specific types of equipment used. As a result, a laboratory needs its own procedure manual to use in day-to-day work. Every operation should be described in detail, with references made to official methods where applicable. It takes thought and skill to write such a manual in a manner that will make is useful to all workers. Safety measures, where needed, must be included. Simple operations, such as the preparation of reagent solutions, should be specified. 

Due to a combination of company and union concern for worker safety, and parallel involvement of the National Institute of... 

For whom is this book intended For those involved in industry, particularly nonchemical operations), who have, for a long while (since the application of the Labour Code) had much experience in safety matters, but for whom my experience as a trainer in the department of Hygiene, Safety and Environment of the lUT allows me to say how inadequately prepared they are when confronted with certain aspects of risk chemistry. Public organisations, curiously, had, until recently, no obligation to administer the Labour Code and that which concerned hygiene and workers safety. This book is concerned with all these activities but is not addressed to all safety officers because it presupposes a basic knowledge of chemistry. For all that, the chemist may not be at ease with this book, which he may find difficult. For this reason, numerous examples are provided to illustrate the methods studied, and assist in their application, and to permit him to identify the limits. 

The use of proper clothing and protective equipment is mandated not only by common sense and worker safety laws and policies, but also by GLP. The GLP regulations 40 CFR 160.1(a) and 160.3(4), state that attire appropriate to the task must be worn. The type of protective equipment appropriate to the trial must be determined by the Study Director and local management. The Latin American Crop Protection Association (LACPA) is an excellent source of safety training videos and brochures in the Spanish language. 

A nonlinear fit weights the initial data points more heavily and gives a better description of the decline in oxamyl residues during the critical period when the residues are a concern in the evaluation of worker safety. The nonlinear curve fitting approach has been accepted by regulatory agencies for the determination of pesticide half-life determinations in soil when the decline data do not fit a linear first-order curve. 

Using the nonlinear model substituting 0.915 p.gcm (the DFR value from the model 1 day after application) into Equation (6) yields a dose of 1.05 mgkg day" and an MOL from Equation (5) of 47, below the required value of 100 for margin of exposure. Performing the same calculation on the day 2 data gives a dose of 0.344 mg kg day and an MOE of 145, which is above the level of 100 required to establish a safe re-entry level. Therefore, a 2-day period is adequate to ensure worker safety. The observed values of 0.936 and 0.234 qg cm for days 1 and 2 match closely the values predicted by the model. 

With the public dazzled by color and companies desperate to survive, factors such as clean air, pure water, and workers safety paled in importance. In a hasty pencil sketch of his family factory in England, Perkin drew one- or two-story buildings with tall brick chimneys and smoke blowing merrily out their tops. Water for the Perkins factory came from an artesian well, and waste was, no doubt, dumped in the handy canal. 

David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz. Safety and Health as a Class Issue , The Worker s Health Bureau of America during the 1920s. In Dying for Work Workers Safety and Health in Twentieth-Century America, David Rosner and Gerald Markowitz, eds. Bloomington, IN. Indiana University Press (1987) 53-64. 

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