Micro system

Infrared (IR) thermography is one of the most advanced non-destructive (NDT) methods based on the fact that all bodies whose absolute temperature is above zero emit electromagnetic radiation over a wide spectrum of wavelengths depending on the temperature. Recently, several researchers have applied it to micro-scale temperature measurement. Hetsroni et al. (2001a) constructed a thermal micro-system... 

None of the technologies described above can individually produce a complete micro-system. Hybridization is the means of combining all the necessary disparate... 

Herwig H (2000) Flow and heat transfer in micro systems. Is everything different or just smaller. ZAMM 82 579-586... 

Luo, J. B. and Yang, M. C., Surface Modification of Computer Magnetic Head, Sino-German Symposium on Micro Systems and Nano Technology, 7-9 Sept., Braunschweig, Germany, 2001. 

The oranges were washed, chopped in a meat mincer and homogenised by a Fryma mill. Water (0.6 volumes) were added before the slurry was heat treated by steam injection at 100°C for 2 minutes. The enzyme treatment was carried out for 1 hour at 40°C with 10 lU/g slurry of PME and 25 pg enzyme protein/g slurry of the other enzymes for each of the enzymes. The gelated orange slurry were treated at 85°C for 3 minutes to inactivate the enzymes before the strength of the gel was measured by a SMS TeJrture Analyser TA-XT2 (Stable Micro Systems, XT. RA Dimensions, Operations Manual versions) by compression analysis using a flat cylinder (20 mm dia.) with a speed of 2 mm/s. The force to provide a 20% compression was recorded. 

Staudt and Krause commented in 1998, based on the results of a study by the Institut fiir Angewandte Innovationsforschung, Bochum (Institute for Applied Innovation Research), that many micro-systems technical companies stiU have prob-... 

The development of start-up companies in the field of micro-systems technology, including microfluidics, has been reviewed by Wicht et al. [244]. Different types of business models are presented as well as the corresponding growth models. The development of start-ups in Germany in the last 10 years is presented and the product offer is discussed. This is compared with the situation in other European countries. Finally, information on problems and opportimities for the start-ups is provided. 

Explanation MST Micro System Technology UD Under Development... 

G. Tschulena, Micro System Technology in Household Appliances, mst news 2... 

Microsystems is a term first introduced in Europe the late 1980 s and early 1990 s referring to a new generation of miniaturized micro systems consisting of sensing, processing and actuation components. Europe (MST), the USA (MEMS-Micro-ElectroMechanicalSystems) and Japan (MicroMachines) are the key drivers in the development and market introduction of MST products with Europe taking the lead in the commercialisation of MST products. 

For the most part, new materials suited for low cost mass production purposes and micro machining technologies are used to form three basic building blocks of every micro system ... 

Etch rate and homogeneity and anisotropic characteristics are the predominant factors in determining the resulting micro system device properties. Temperature and concentration of the KOH solution as well as the doping concentration of the silicon material have the largest impact on these properties and have to be thoroughly controlled. 

The maximum injection volume depends on the volume of the sample loop in the injection valve. The reproducibility of manual injection depends on the skill of the operator. The use of a small sample loop and an overflow injection of the sample solution so that the loop is fully flushed with sample are basic requirements for quantitative analysis. The highest injection reproducibility can be obtained by an auto-injector with a fixed sample loop. The smallest reasonable injection volume is 1 (A. A nl-scale injection valve can be constructed however, the memory effect at the surface of contact parts affects quantitative analysis compared with the use of a /d-scale injection valve. For a semi-micro system, a low hold-up volume injection valve is desired. The minimum injection volume is 80 nl. For a preparative-scale injection, the sample loop can be easily replaced with a larger-volume loop, such as a 200 jA, instead of the standard 20 /A loop. 

For mashed potato texture, profile analysis (TPA) and cone penetration tests are performed with a TA HDi Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems Ltd, Godaiming, UK). During the tests, the mashed potatoes are kept at 55° C by means of a temperature-controlled Peltier cabinet (XT/PC) coupled to a separate heat exchanger and PID control unit. For the cone penetration tests, a spreadability rig is used, consisting of a 45° conical perspex probe (P/45°C) that penetrates a conical sample holder containing 7 0.1 g of mashed potatoes (Alvarez et al., 2005 Canet et al., 2005b Fernandez et al, 2006). 

A large growing interest is manifest today for physical micro-systems of reduced dimensions, typically between 10 and 103 fim. Such systems may satisfy the need to... 

Market Analysis for Micro Systems II, 2000-2005. A NEXUS Task Force Report,... 

Symyx, one of the pioneers in combinatorial screening, presented a chemical processing micro system in 2000 for the screening of 256 catalysts on a silicon or quartz glass wafer [63], The reactant flow was distributed by a micro structured manifold etched into a silicon wafer (Figure 3.34). 

A micro gas chromatograph, as small as a check card (dimensions 91 x 59 x 27 mm), was presented by SLS MICRO TECHNOLOGY GmbH [122], This device is one of the first commercial products of micro system technology and it possesses sufficient robustness to withstand chemical and thermal stress. Hence, it should be ideal for inline measurements in a plant. 

Planar modular concept for fluid handling micro-systems with functional modules on top of a Mixed Circuit Board... 

The trails left by cells are unavoidable and they can influence the long-term stability of micro-systems, especially sensors. But they can also be used to advantage. Since a trail is characteristic of the cell which made it, trails can be used to identify cells, if necessary on an occasional monitoring basis. Also the rate at which trails appear in a unit area can give information about cell vitality or the effect of pharmaceuticals. 

We have developed a new micro-system using rotating electric fields for measuring adhesion (unpublished data). A schematic representation of this is given in Fig. 20. A cell is allowed to sediment onto a surface which carries four electrodes. The electrodes are driven to produce a field which rotates at MHz frequencies, but the direction of rotation is periodically reversed. This leads to a... 

Some even more exciting news can be expected from this combination of bio-sciences and micro system technology in the near future. 

Richter A, Sandmaier H, Plettner A (1990) Proc Micro System Technologies 90... 

Eijkel, J.C.T., Dalton, C., Hayden, C.J., Drysdale, J.A., Kwok, Y.C., Manz, A., Development of a micro system for circular chromatography using wavelet transform detection. Micro Total Analysis Systems, Proceedings 5th pTAS Symposium, Monterey, CA, Oct. 21-25, 2001, 541-542. 

Transition from macro-system to micro-system, e.g. rolled glass sheets to float glass steel rollers with reducing diameters ultimately lead to molecules of molten tin acting as rollers. 

J. W. Schultze (organizer), The Technology of Electrochemical Micro Systems, University of Dusseldorf, 1996. 

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