Nano technology

The intimacy of the filler/matrix bond is the main key to the performance of fillers and. with the latest technology, it is possible to achieve very good dispersion and an almost molecular bond. Tiny filler particles - sub-microscopic and also nanosized - have been shown to produce better mechanical properties at considerably lower loadings, and also give better flow, high barrier properties, inherent flame retardancy, and different surface textures in the same moulded part. 

---

Millennium Performance Chemicals Noah Technologies Nyacol Nano Technologies... 

Luo, J. B. and Yang, M. C., Surface Modification of Computer Magnetic Head, Sino-German Symposium on Micro Systems and Nano Technology, 7-9 Sept., Braunschweig, Germany, 2001. 

The importance of surface characterization in molecular architecture chemistry and engineering is obvious. Solid surfaces are becoming essential building blocks for constructing molecular architectures, as demonstrated in self-assembled monolayer formation [6] and alternate layer-by-layer adsorption [7]. Surface-induced structuring of liqnids is also well-known [8,9], which has implications for micro- and nano-technologies (i.e., liqnid crystal displays and micromachines). The virtue of the force measurement has been demonstrated, for example, in our report on novel molecular architectures (alcohol clusters) at solid-liquid interfaces [10]. 

Faculty of Applied Chemical Engineering and Nano Technology Research Center,... 

C. J. Muller, B. J. Vleeming, M. A Reed, J. S. Lamba, R. Hara, L Jones If J. M. Torn, Atomic Probes a Search for Conduction Through a Single Molecule, Nano technology 1996, 7 409-411. 

As a conclusion, a fascinating behaviour of C60 which may be a typical symbol of the nano-technology and turned up to be on the threshold of the quantum and... 

Hizume K, Yoshimura SH, Maruyama H, Kim J, Wada H, Takeyasu K (2002) Chromatin reconstitution development of a salt-dialysis method monitored by nano-technology. Arch Histol Cytol 65 405 13 Hizume K, Yoshimura SH, Takeyasu K (2004) Atomic force microscopy demonstrates a critical role of DNA superhelicity in nucleosome dynamics. Cell Biochem Biophys 40 249—262 Hizume K, Yoshimura SH, Takeyasu K (2005) Linker histone HI per se can induce three-dimensional folding of chromatin fiber. Biochemistry 44 12978-12989 Hofmann WA, de Lanerolle P (2006) Nuclear actin to polymerize or not to polymerize. J Cell Biol 172 495-496... 

There is a vast amount of literature on self-assembly and/or self-organization, as this notion is used in practically all fields of science, from classic organic chemistry to polymer chemistry (Lindsey, 1991 Lawrence etah, 1995 Pope and Muller, 1991 Zeng and Zimmermaim, 1997), to the new frontiers of nano-technology, nanorobotics (Whitesides et al, 1991 Bissel et al., 1994 Whitesides and Boncheva,... 

Puszynski, J.A. (2004) Recent advances and initiatives in the field of nano technology. Proc. 31st Ind. Pyrotech. Sem., Fort Collins, Colorado, USA, July... 

The concepts of the nano-world suggested recently revealed new fields of scientific research. The number of the publications, patents, projects, implementations and companies involved with nano-technology has been exponentially increasing during the last 10 years. Nano-technology is a transition field between the concepts of the classic quantum mechanics and physical chemistry of solid state [1]. 

Zhang, Zhikun and Cui, Zuolin (2000). Nano technologies and nano materials. The National Defense Industry Press, Beijing (in Chinese). 

Nano-technology problems were addressed in talks by J. Bartolome (Magnetic dynamics of Co nanospheres) and J. Kliava (Nanoparticles in oxide glasses). 

Nanoparticles are not only a product of new nano-technologies, but are also present in the environment, and nanoscale phenomena permeate and often control natural processes.12 Humans have always experienced exposure to nanosized particles, but with the advent of the industrial revolution, this exposure from anthropogenic sources (e.g. internal combustion engines, power plant etc.) has increased dramatically. 

In the field of not only traditional metallurgy but also recently developed nano-technology, it is very interesting and important what change is introduced when it is surrounded by other atoms. Such a change in electronic states has been investigated as chemical shift detected by X-ray (XPS) and UV (UPS) photoemission spectroscopy [1] as well as X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy [2,3]. Also, such a chemical shift has been simulated by theoretical calculation [4]. However, many problems have been unsolved. In the case of XPS and UPS, since the most outer layers of substances are analyzed, the spectra are easily affected by absorbed gaseous molecules. Also, with the X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy it is difficult to analyze the complicated X-ray transition states for substances composed of heavy metal elements. Therefore, a complementary method has been demanded for the spectroscopy such as XPS, UPS and X-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy. The coefficient y of the electronic contribution to heat capacity, Cp, near absolute zero Kelvin reflects the density of states (DOS) in the vicinity of Fermi level (EF) [5]. Therefore, the measurement of y is expected to be one of the useful methods to clarify the electronic states of substances composed of heavy metal elements. 

In March 2006, Cereplast announced plans to double its capacity by the summer of 2006 and is investing in new and more efficient equipment. The company also reported that advances in nano-technology that they have introduced into their process coupled with polymer processing advantages through lower temperatures, support Cereplast s confidence in the viability of the bioplastics market. 

---