Texture Analyser

The texture analysers have been specifically designed to examine the texture of foodstuffs. They are multifunctional, giving values for the gel strength and penetration as well as load and penetration curves. The probe is pressed on or into the tested sample with a preselected... 

The samples were analysed on a TAX T2 Texture Analyser programmed for the following conditions a cylindrical plunger with 1 in. diameter contact force of 5 g, contact area of 284,88 mm, speed of 2 mm s and a 5 s interval between the first and second bites. 

The effects of the drying conditions on extmded WPC and WPI were examined by Nalesnik et al. (2007), who found no changes in color when extruded material was dried at 40 or 70 °C but did observe differences in force-time curves when performing texture analyses. 

Translated from German by Peter M. Morris)," Texture Analyses in Materials Science Mathematical Methods" Bunge, H.-J. Butterworths, Boston, MA, 1982. 

For mashed potato texture, profile analysis (TPA) and cone penetration tests are performed with a TA HDi Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems Ltd, Godaiming, UK). During the tests, the mashed potatoes are kept at 55° C by means of a temperature-controlled Peltier cabinet (XT/PC) coupled to a separate heat exchanger and PID control unit. For the cone penetration tests, a spreadability rig is used, consisting of a 45° conical perspex probe (P/45°C) that penetrates a conical sample holder containing 7 0.1 g of mashed potatoes (Alvarez et al., 2005 Canet et al., 2005b Fernandez et al, 2006). 

Moisture content was determined by drying them under vacuum to constant weight at 60°C (AOAC, 1980). Water activity was measured at 25°C by using a Decagon Cx-3 (Aqualab) hygrometer. Mechanical properties of dried samples with different water content were analyzed at 30°C by using a puncture test with a Universal Texture Analyser (TA.XT2, Stable Micro Systems). A cylindrical 2.0 mm diameter pimch was used at a penetration rate of 1.5 mm/sec until total sample penetration. Determinations were made in five different samples with the same water content. 

Physicochemical characterisation of the catalysts included nitrogen adsorption. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and chemical analyses. Textural analyses were carried out from the corresponding N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K using a static automatic volumetric... 

Limitations of the IFT SAG method with respect to pH have been demonstrated. Similar limitations have been reported by other laboratories (2). Since the Herbstreith Pectinometer and the Voland Stevens Texture Analyser have been developed recently, it could be of interest to see how the jelly characteristics measured by these Instruments correspond to the official results as expressed by IFT SAG. 

The first test was made on a Stevens Texture Analyser using a plunger slightly different from the one used in our laboratories, but also made on an apple jelly with pectin dosages ranging from... 

Solutions were poured into cylindrical containers, cooled at 5°C and stored for 7 days. Compression tests were performed on cylindrical specimens of the gels (19 mm diameter x 15 mm high). A texture profile analysis (TPA) was performed in a Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems TA.XT2i), using a cylindrical probe (3.6 mm diameter) to compress each sample to 40% of its original height at a compression rate of 0.5 mm/s. The average of two replicates was reported. 

X-ray diffraction structural modeling based on a continuous electron density representation and textural analyses by the combined XRD-adsorption method were applied for to quantify distinctions in the wall structure of the MCM-41 and SBA-15 types of mesostructured materials. 

Several methods have been developed for the experimental investigation of the process and for the quantitative description of mucoadhesion. These methods can be classified into the following groups i) methods based on measuring viscosity [99-102], ii) separation of the substrate and the adhesive with microscales based on horizontal or vertical force measurement [94,95,103-105], the most up to-date means of which is the so-called texture analyser [106], iii) in vitro or in vivo cell culture examinations [107-109], and iv) animal experiments [94,105,110]. 

Schulze M, Heur H. Textural analyses of carbon fiber materials by 2D-FFT of complex images obtained by high frequency eddy current imaging (HF ECI). In SPIE 2011 smart structures and NDE symposium, San Diego, CA 2012. p. 28. 

The physisorption of gases on solids is frequently used for textural analyses of catalysts and solids, such as surface area and pore distribution and sizes. 

The selected catalysts, Ni4, Ni2, and Pdl, were evaluated, and the textural analyses of Ni2, Ni4, and Pdl and fresh and used catalysts are presented in Table 15.4. 

The experimental-theoretical study of mesophase formation in amphiphilic systems emphasizes the basic chemical, physical, and materials science aspects of the systems. The most commonly discussed mesophases, beyond the simple micelles discussed in Chapter 4, are lamellar aggregated micellar (packed in various cubic and hexagonal close-packed arrays), columnar or ribbon phases (rod-shaped micelles stacked in a two-dimensional hexagonal or rectangular array) microemulsions, and the cubic bicontinuous mesophases. The experimental techniques normally used to identify these mesophases are NMR Uneshape analysis, diffusion measurements, smaU-angle neutron and X-ray scattering, and optical texture analyses. In addition, reconstraction of electron density profiles and very low temperature transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to elucidate the details of these mesostractures. 

Elastic (shear) modulus measurements were carried out on cylindrical gel samples using a TA.XT2I HR Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems, UK). Swollen networks were uniaxially compressed (at constant volume) between two parallel flat plates. The stress-strain isotherms were determined in the range of deformation ratio 0.7 < < 1. 

---