Micro-Technology

Prasher RS, Chang JY, Sauciuc 1, Narasimhan S, Chau D, Chrysler G, Myers A, Prstic S, Hu C (2005) Nano and micro technology-based next-generation package-level cooling solutions. Intel Technol J 4(4) 285-296... 

Since September 2000, we have engaged an active collaboration with a French laboratory expert in micro-technologies, the Laboratoire d Analyse et d Architecture des Systfemes (LAAS) in Toulouse, France, for the conception and the realization of micro-deformable mirror (MDM) prototypes. Our design is based on three elementary buildings blocks (Fig. 6). From top to bottom ... 

Wegeng et al. refer to the low-cost, mass production of microstructures from metals, ceramics, and plastics as a crucial element for widespread application [Ij. Micro technologies, they say, are generally conducive for mass production however, this has so far only been proven for the field of microelectronics. 

Drost, K., Friedrich, M., A micro-technology-based chemical heat pump for portable and distributed space conditioning applications, in Ehreeld, W., Rinard,... 

The microfluidic devices, often called Christmas tree owing to the pattern of the channels, were fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS) using common micro technologies (see Figure 1.69). A mask is formed by using a high-resolution 3300 dpi printer to transfer the CAD pattern to a transparent mask substrate. 

Micro specific differences to macro-scale plants are not encountered in this chapter. This section is added to complete the survey of software tools used in the present work of a process engineer in the industry. It is certainly also important for micro technology as it gives insights into thinking and expectations of the production management. If a micro scale process in future will be used to increase production efficiency, management tools will also be an issue. 

A micro gas chromatograph, as small as a check card (dimensions 91 x 59 x 27 mm), was presented by SLS MICRO TECHNOLOGY GmbH [122], This device is one of the first commercial products of micro system technology and it possesses sufficient robustness to withstand chemical and thermal stress. Hence, it should be ideal for inline measurements in a plant. 

Figure4.73 GCM 5000 micro gas chromatograph on an integrated circuit board [122] (by courtesy of SLS MICRO TECHNOLOGY GmbH).

S 2] The result was a prediction of phase behavior of the ternary system H20/HI/I2 given in Figure 4.83 together with experimental data. The direct application of this tool to micro technology is uncritical as this simulation only considers thermodynamic and chemical model assumptions. It does not make any assumptions such as the neglect of axial heat transfer. 

The costs of erection and commissioning of even a very complex micro structured reactor plant are, of course, comparably small. This means that the basic design of a micro structured reactor plant is extremely expensive and attention should be given to minimizing costs, for example, by the application of calculation sheets, the standardization of complete process units or the use of process simulation or planning tools such as AspenPlus . The reduction of this cost factor remains a future task of micro technology. 

The tool introduced in the following might be applicable as long as 3-D tools are not available for micro technology and also for plants with a lower degree of complexity. 

Increasing production volumes resulting in lower prices of devices will push the whole market and open additional ones. The expectations of using small samples as well as small reagent volumes, minimization of time expenditure of skilled clinical people, minimization of calibration fluid consumption and waste are still key advantages of such a micro technology. 

Microscopy in the infrared range is a rapidly developing technique which has many applications. In combination with Raman microscopy, it is used in micro technology, biology and medicine, and in product and environmental control (Sec. 3.5.3.3). 

Microreactor technology is a tool used by most large chemical and pharmaceutical companies and also by some SMEs. Various examples are discussed by Hessel et al. [176], based on the collaboration of the Institute for Micro-Technology at Mainz (Germany) with various companies. We recall here some relevant cases to further evidence how microreactors are not more only at a laboratory-scale stage of development, even though most of the applications are stUl on a small-size scale. 

In many cases where mass transfer occurs between a liquid and a vapor, micro technology offers the advantage of process intensification through control of the liquid phase thickness. This intensification often occurs because the diffusivity is typically orders of magnitude lower in the liquid phase than in the gas phase hence, control of the liquid thickness decreases the primary impedance to mass transfer. This control benefits operations such as absorption and desorption, and processes based on these phenomena. 

Utilized micro technology for reactor, heat exchanger, and fuel vaporizer to improve system efficiency through optimized thermal management and fluid dynamics. 

Ehrfeld W (2002) Handbuch Mikrotechnik (Micro-technology handbook). Carl Hanser, Miinchen (in German)... 

Fluid Flow and Modeling Nano and Micro Fluidics Nano and Micro Technology Thin Films Phase Equilibria Transport Properties Computational Biology... 

Micro-technology is an important area in process intensification, which offers numerous potential benefits for the process industries. The pressing demands for sustainable, efficient, and safer flow processes make micro-fluidic devices an... 

Mundargi, R.C., Babu, V.R., Rangaswamy, V., Patel, P., and Aminabhavi, T.M. (2008) Nano/micro technologies for delivering macro-molecular therapeutics using poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) and its derivatives. J. Controlled Release, 125 (3), 193-209. 

Transport phenomena on the microscale have gained particular importance due to an increasing demand for more efficient and sustainable processes. Especially the bridge between nano- and micro technologies requires a deep understanding of multiscale coherences. Advances in microfluidic and nanofluidic technologies have been paralleled by advances in methods for direct optical measurement of transport phenomena on these scales. A variety of methods for microscale flow visualization have appeared and evolved since the late 1990s. These methods and their applications to date are reviewed here in detail, and in the context of the fundamental phenomena that they exploit and the fundamental phenomena that they are applied to measure. 

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