Fuel processing systems micro

Exergy Analysis of a Micro Fuel Processing System for Hydrogen and Electricity Production - A Case Study... 

Exergf Analysis of a Micro Fuel Processing System... 

The reformer is the key element of the fuel processing system. The special requirements have led to new concepts for steam reforming and partial oxidation [282] [488]. One example is micro-channel reactors... 

The overall residential fuel cell micro cogeneration system can be seen in Figure 1. The fuel processing is one of the sections of this whole system. 

Hawkes A, Leach M, (2005). Sohd oxide fuel cell systems for residential micro-combined heat and power in the UK Key economic drivers. Journal of Power Sources, 149 72-83 Hellmana H, van den Hoed R, (2007). Characterising fuel cell technology Challenges of the commercialisation process. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32 305 - 315 Hermann A, Chaudhuri T, Spagnol P, (2005). Bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells A review. 

Microfabrication processes have been used successfully to form micro-fuel cells on silicon wafers. Aspects of the design, materials, and forming of a micro-fabricated methanol fuel cell have been presented. The processes yielded reproducible, controlled structures that performed well for liquid feed, direct methanol/Oj saturated solution (1.4 mW cm ) and direct methanol/H O systems (8 mA cm" ). In addition to optimizing micro-fuel cell operating performance, there are many system-level issues to be considered when developing a complete micro power system. These issues include electro-deposition procedure, catalyst loading, channel depth, oxidants supply, and system integration. The micro-fabrication processes that have... 

Bieberle-Hutter, A., Santis-Alvarez, A.J., Jiang, B. et al. (2012) Syngas generation from n-butane with an integrated MEMS assembly for gas processing in micro-solid oxide fuel cell systems. Lab Chip, 12, 4894-4902. 

Kothare, M.V. (2006). Dynamics and control of integrated microchemical systems with application to micro-scale fuel processing. Computers and Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, pp. 1725-1734. 

As it follows from Fig. X-5, the evolution of this accident for the VKR-MT and a WER-1000 is essentially different. In VVER-1000, the temperature of zirconium claddings increases promptly due to high-temperature heat accumulated in the uranium dioxide pellets and due to heat removal deterioration. The VKR-MT core is practically not heated in the first seconds of the accident process, as the temperatures of micro fuel elements and the coolant in normal operation are different by a few degrees only. Later on, the temperature of micro fuel elements slightly increases due to residual heat up until the start-up of the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) operation. The accident is localized after the core is filled with the ECCS water. As the temperature of micro fuel elements is well below 1500°C, the release of radioactivity to the containment remains at the level of 10. ... 

Rapid progress in recent years in miniamrising chemical reactors has led some researchers to explore the fabrication of micro-scale fuel-processing reactors for fuel cells. Here we are considering systems that require a few watts or less of power, where the systems can be built on a chip and where, in principle, the mass manufacturing methods of the semiconductor industry could be applied. Figure 8.16 shows a conceptual system, devised by researchers at the University of Bethlehem, PA (Pattekar et al 2001). 

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