Micro-computer control system

The DPE (digital), together with the interfaces to spacecraft, resides within a dedicated box that is isolated from the detector. The tasks to be performed by this multi-functional micro-computer controlled system include event selection and validation, background rejection, and collection and formatting of scientific data. It also provides the interface to the spacecraft, command and control interface, detector control, the collection of housekeeping data, power conversion and conditioning, and an overall experiment watch-dog . 

MLJ-300 INTELLIGENT MICRO-COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM OF INTERNAL MIXER... 

This paper describes work on equipment and instrumentation aimed at a computer-assisted lab-scale resin prep, facility. The approach has been to focus on hardware modules which could be developed and used incrementally on route to system integration. Thus, a primary split of process parameters was made into heat transfer and temperature control, and mass transfer and agitation. In the first of these the paper reports work on a range of temperature measurement, indicators and control units. On the mass transfer side most attention has been on liquid delivery systems with a little work on stirrer drives. Following a general analysis of different pump types the paper describes a programmable micro-computer multi-pump unit and gives results of its use. 

A micro computer system allowed voltage and current measurements to be synchronised plus data logging and averaging of measurements. Alongside each "measurement" foil was a "control" foil, coated with paint plus a protective epoxy coating, which did not corrode and allowed resistance measurements to be normalised. 

Automation has been applied for a number of years in process control instrumentation, but the major impetus to introduce automatic devices into laboratories stems from three sources (1) the introduction of the continuous-flow principles as outlined by Skeggs [1] (2) the general demand for clinical chemical measurements, which represents a ready and sizeable market for instrument companies, and, more importantly, (3) the abihty to handle large volumes of data and package them in a form suitable for presentation to analysts and customers, through the use of mini- and micro computer systems hnked to a control computer. 

In 1990, Bushey and Jorgenson developed the first automated system that coupled HPLC with CZE (19). This orthogonal separation technique used differences in hydrophobicity in the first dimension and molecular charge in the second dimension for the analysis of peptide mixtures. The LC separation employed a gradient at 20 (xL/min volumetric flow rate, with a column of 1.0 mm ID. The effluent from the chromatographic column filled a 10 pU loop on a computer-controlled, six-port micro valve. At fixed intervals, the loop material was flushed over the anode end of the CZE capillary, allowing electrokinetic injections to be made into the second dimension from the first. 

Gas Introduction and Matrix Formation. For introduction of gases for condensation and formation of matrices in the cryostat system, we employed two types of deposition technique SSO (Slow Spray-On) and PMI (Pulsed Matrix Isolation). In the SSO run, matrix gas (pure nitrogen, or argon) and sample were introduced slowly and separately into the setup via fine needle valves with micrometers. In the PMI (Pulsed Matrix Isolation) run, a mixture of matrix gas and sample(s) was introduced via electromagnetic valves controlled by a micro-computer. In PMI runs, not only was the deposition rate easily controlled over a wide range with good reproducibility, but a stratified matrix could also be prepared if two kinds of gas samples are introduced alternately and repeatedly. 

The bead injection system was designed to operate in the sequential injection mode. It is possible to carry out bead injection analysis in a low-cost flow injection system with a unidirectional pump and without a computer, mainly for applications where samples and reagents are abundant and when there is no need for micro-volume control. To this end, it is necessary to use a flow cell able to achieve bead retention, accommodation of chemical reactions and detection [87,88]. 

Fig. I a The FIA IV-I and II integrated biosensor systems I concentrated sample solution, 2 diluted sample solution, 3 reagent solution, 4 eightK hannel distribution valve, 5 peristaltic pump, 6 microreactors, 7 eightway injection valve, 8 temperature chamber control, 9 colorimeter, 10 micro computer, II waste, 12 coil, 13 peristaltic pump for sample dilution, 14 phosphate buffer, b The SIA integrated biosensor system I, 2 and 3 phosphate buffer solution 4 ethanol diluted sample 5 reagent solution 6 waste 7 1,000-pl micro-buiette 8 500-pl micro-burette P peristaltic pump 10 two three-way valves II six-channel distribution valve 12 colorimeter, 13 serpentine 14 AOD-immobilized microieactor 15 HRP-immobilized microreactor, 16 computer 17 Interface RS-232/RS-485...

Four main units are used in the IMCS, which are the motor control unit (MCU), the feeder control unit (FCU), the circuit breaker control unit (CBCU) and the central control unit (CCU). A MCU is a microprocessor (micro-computer) based module which has integrated control, monitoring, protection functions, and a communication interface for the motor starter. An FCU is very similar to a MCU and interfaces communication for the plain feeder contactor or circuit breaker. A CBCU is also similar to a MCU but is used for incomers, interconnectors and busbar section circuit breakers. A CCU provides the facility to communicate simultaneously with MCUs, FCUs, CBCU, a distributed control system (DCS), system control and data acquisition (SCADA) and other digital information systems. Other discrete devices such as special protective relays can also be addressed by the CCU provided the software and porting systems are compatible. 

Availability of micro-computers for intelligent control and protection of the rectifier-inverter motor system. 

The micro-PIV setup consists of four main components an illumination system, an optical system, a coupled charge device (CCD) camera, and a control system. The control system consists of a peripheral component interface (PCI) card, and its corresponding software is implemented in a personal computer. The computer can control and synchronize all actimis related to illumination and image recording. The schematic of the setup is illustrated in Fig. 2. 

Modem process control and communication technology is applied to the BWR 90 - its control and instrumentation systems are mainly based on micro-computers. Process communication with the control room is realized by means of distributed functional processors. These in turn interact, via serial communication links, with a number of object-oriented (object = process component) process interface units. Thus, the protection and control system configuration is characterized by decentralization and the use of object-oriented intelligence. The arrangement satisfies the requirements of redundancy and physical separation. It includes intelligent self-monitoring of protective circuits. 

A very important aspect is that the software is also standardized to simple program functions. This makes it easy even for non-"computer specialist to manage the control system design, and it will also simplify implementing new micro-computer generations in the future. 

The main computer has the task of collecting information from the process control systems, and it communicates with the distributed micro-computers via serial links. The main computer compiles information and generates reports, such as daily weekly operation reports, reports of periodic testing, actual status reports, and disturbance reports. During normal plant operation, the main computer will present occurrences on VDU displays in the control room and in a special "observation room". 

The computer system of the station control and data acquisition is a distributed micro processer based systems. A digital multiplexed control system takes the place of hard wired analogue control. This accounts for a significant reduction in cable usage. Built-in diagnostics and board level maintenance makes restoration of operability of any fault in the system a matter of replacement of printed circuit cards. Automatic control systems and procedures are deployed to simplify these procedures and power level manoeuvers. In case of unsafe conditions the reactor protection system (PMS) takes over and automatically scrams the reactor and actuates the relevant safety systems. Diverse methods are used to assure the shutdown of the reactor in hypothetical situations. The systems also provide for post-accident monitoring. 

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