Auto injectors

Simons FER. Gu X. Simons KJ Outdated EpiPen and EpiPen Jr auto-injectors past their prime J Allergy Clin Immunol 2000 105 1025-1030. 

Simons PER, Lieberman PL, Read EJ Jr. Edwards ES Hazards of unintentional injection of epinephrine from auto-injectors a systematic review. Ann Allergy Clin Immunol 2009 102 267-272. Rawas-Qalaji MM, Simons PER, Simons KJ Sublingual epinephrine tablets versus intramuscular injection of epinephrine dose equivalence for potential treatment of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2006 117 398-403. 

Ingestion Do not induce vomiting first symptoms are likely to be gastrointestinal administer immediately 2-mg intramuscular injection of the MARK I Kit auto injectors seek medical attention immediately. 

Skin Contact Don respiratory mask and remove contaminated clothing wash contaminated skin with copious amounts of soap and water immediately using 10% sodium carbonate solution, or 5% liquid household bleach rinse well with water to remove decontamination if local sweating and muscular symptoms occur, administer an intramuscular injection with the MARK I Kit seek medical attention immediately. Ingestion Do not induce vomiting first symptoms are likely to be gastrointestinal administer immediately 2-mg intramuscular injection of the MARK I Kit auto injectors seek medical attention immediately. 

SPME was carried out in 20 ml headspace vials (Shimadzu) with a CTC Combi Pal system auto injector at 70 °C for 60 min using a StableFlex fibre with an 85 pm Carboxen / PDMS coating (Sigma). Prior to analyses 0.8 pg -camphor solved in 4 pi isopropanol were added as internal standard. 

Nerve Agent Antidote Kit (NAAK or MARK I) consists of an atropine auto-injector (2 mg), a pralidoxime chloride auto-injector (2-Pam-Cl, 600 mg), the plastic clip joining the two injectors, and a foam case. The kit serve as a countermeasure to nerve agents, including tabun (GA), sarin (GB), soman (GD), GF, and VX. Military personnel can receive three MARK I for self/buddy aid. Possible side effects of atropine and/or 2-PAM-C1 are deemed insignificant in a nerve agent casualty. Intravenous atropine and 2-PAM-C1 can also be made available. The MARK I kit is manufactured by Survival Technology, Inc., Rockville, Maryland. 

Antidote Auto-Injectors Meridian Medical Technologies, Inc. (10240 Old Columbia Road, Columbia, MD 21046. Tel. 410-309-1477, or 800-638-8093, FAX 410-309-1475,... 

An individual who has received a known agent exposure or who exhibits definite signs or symptoms of agent exposure shall be given an intramuscular injection immediately with the MARK I kit auto-injectors. 

Figure 14.3 shows a typical capillary gas chromatograph with the major components labeled. This gas chromatograph set up includes compressed gas tanks for the carrier gas (mobile phase) and any necessary detector gases, an auto-injector that employs a micro-syringe for delivering the necessary small sample volumes and an inlet capable of the... 

The maximum injection volume depends on the volume of the sample loop in the injection valve. The reproducibility of manual injection depends on the skill of the operator. The use of a small sample loop and an overflow injection of the sample solution so that the loop is fully flushed with sample are basic requirements for quantitative analysis. The highest injection reproducibility can be obtained by an auto-injector with a fixed sample loop. The smallest reasonable injection volume is 1 (A. A nl-scale injection valve can be constructed however, the memory effect at the surface of contact parts affects quantitative analysis compared with the use of a /d-scale injection valve. For a semi-micro system, a low hold-up volume injection valve is desired. The minimum injection volume is 80 nl. For a preparative-scale injection, the sample loop can be easily replaced with a larger-volume loop, such as a 200 jA, instead of the standard 20 /A loop. 

For the water analysis, automation is clearly best achieved with an auto-injector for the mechanical handhng of the samples coupled with on-hne data capture, using the computer to analyse the peak data. Serious consideration was given to employing the very considerable in house automation experience to construct a purpose-built auto-injector. However, in the interests of a speedy implementation of the automatic system, it was decided to purchase a commercially available auto-injector and to concentrate the laboratory s efforts on the area of on-hne data capture. Interfacing the complete system assembly via a data communications network required the development of a special control device (commhox), which allowed the LGC hardware to run unattended hut provided an audible warning in event of a fault condition. 

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