Quartz glass

Quartz glass Quartz-halide bulbs Quartz halogen lamp Quartzite... 

Silicon-containing Pis, useflil as insulation and protective materials, demonstrate adhesion to fibers, fabrics, glass, quartz, and carbon (36). The synthetic method used is the reaction of the silicon-containing dianhydride with diamines. 

Due to the above requirements, typical optically-transparent materials, such as oxides (glass, quartz, alumina, zirconium oxide etc.) and halides (sodium chloride, lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride, potassium bromide, cesium bromide etc.) are usually unsuitable for use with fluoride melts. Therefore, no standard procedure exists at present for the spectral investigation of fluoride melts, and an original apparatus must be created especially for each particular case. 

In an effort to restrict the location of semiconductor nanoparticles in LB films and inhibit aggregation, the formation of CdS in LB films of calixarenes was investigated [195]. Limiting areas of 3.0 nm and 1.8 nm were obtained on 0.5 mM CdCli, compatible with the cross-sectional areas of the calixarenes. Y-type LB fdms were prepared at 25 mN m on glass, quartz, and silicon. The substrates had been made hydrophobic by treatment with a silane vapor. After H2S treatment overnight in sealed jars, UV absorbance spectra and XPS data were obtained. The absorption edge for the CdS particles formed in the calixarene LB films transferred at pH 5.5 was 3.3 eV as compared with 2.7 eV for films formed in cad-... 

Cuculic and Branica [788] used differential pulse ASV to study the adsorption of cadmium, lead, and copper on glass, quartz, and Nalgene sample containers. Nalgene was shown to be the best for sample storage, and quartz the best for electroanalytical vessels. 

Filter-photometer or spectrophotometer incorporating prism or grating monochromator, phototube photomultiplier or diode array, glass, quartz or plastic cells. 

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The surface force will act along the perimeter of the plate (i.e., length [Lp] + width [Wp]). The plate is often very thin (less than 0.1 mm) and made of platinum, but even plates made of glass, quartz, mica, and filter paper can be used. The forces acting on the plate consist of the gravity and surface tension downward, and buoyancy due... 

Fig. 3.25. The Pask-Nuyken device for measuring simultaneously the conductivity and the UV spectrum of a reaction mixture. A mixing chamber, B conductivity cell with jacket, C graded-seal borosilicate glass-soda glass, D jacketed quartz cell, E copper leads to platinum electrodes Pt, F graded-seal borosilicate glass-quartz.

In a typical spectroelectrochemical measurement, an optically transparent electrode (OTE) is used and the UV/vis absorption spectrum (or absorbance) of the substance participating in the reaction is measured. Various types of OTE exist, for example (i) a plate (glass, quartz or plastic) coated either with an optically transparent vapor-deposited metal (Pt or Au) film or with an optically transparent conductive tin oxide film (Fig. 5.26), and (ii) a fine micromesh (40-800 wires/cm) of electrically conductive material (Pt or Au). The electrochemical cell may be either a thin-layer cell with a solution-layer thickness of less than 0.2 mm (Fig. 9.2(a)) or a cell with a solution layer of conventional thickness ( 1 cm, Fig. 9.2(b)). The advantage of the thin-layer cell is that the electrolysis is complete within a short time ( 30 s). On the other hand, the cell with conventional solution thickness has the advantage that mass transport in the solution near the electrode surface can be treated mathematically by the theory of semi-infinite linear diffusion. 

The processed monochromatic light is then directed into a sample chamber, which can accommodate a wide variety of sample holders. Most UV-VIS measurements on biomolecules are taken on solutions of the molecules. The sample is placed in a tube or cuvette made of glass, quartz, or other transparent material. Figure 5.7 shows the design of the most common sample holders and the transmission properties of several transparent materials used in cuvette construction. 

The growth of the importance of infrared spectrography and spectrophotometry in determining the structure of compounds and the composition of substances has led to the development of many infrared spectroscopes and other instruments. Most infrared spectroscopes and spectrophotometers employ front-surface mirrors instead of lenses. This eliminates the necessity for energy to pass through glass, quartz, or similar material. Furthermore,... 

While completing sequential assays, some residual activity might be observed. There may be some adsorbed LOX on the glass, quartz, or Teflon-coated stirrer, especially with high activities. In these cases, the sample chamber or cuvette can be washed with 0.1 % Triton X-100 or 75% methanol followed by water washes. 

A simple sampler usually consists of a glass or stainless steel tube filled with a certain amount of the sorbent. Typically, 50-500 mg of the sorbent are used. To retain the sorbent in the tubes either glass/quartz wool or small sieves can be used. Both techniques introduce a disadvantage into the sampling system quartz wool is normally too brittle to be fitted successfully into the tube, and small parts of the... 

Stainless steel sieves, which can be fitted into a range of stainless steel sorbent tubes, are usually easier to handle than glass/quartz wool. It is, however, their disadvantage that some very labile compounds may degrade in contact with the metal under thermal desorption conditions. In addition, the sieves will often not completely retain the fines fraction of the used sorbents this is particularly problematic for the carbon-based sorbents, which are more brittle than the polymers and can therefore be crushed to fine particles by the thermal stress during use of a tube. The presence of a dark residue on the filters inside the thermal desorption unit is an indication of carbon-based sorbent migration from the tubes. 

An aerosol generated by nebulization is directed through a spray chamber (nebulizer chamber). This is usually made of glass, quartz, or inert polymers (Ryton or several fluorine-based polymers), which prevents large aerosol droplets from reaching the plasma. The classical Scott chamber design has been superseded by the cyclonic chamber, which has a 50% better sensitivity. 

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