Metabolism lipid

Dawidowicz, E. A., 1987. Dynamics of membrane lipid metabolism and turnover. Annual Review of Biochemistry 56 43—61. 

Fatty acid transport proteins (FATPs) are an evolutionary conserved family of integral membrane proteins found at the plasma membrane and on internal membranes. FATPs facilitate the unidirectional uptake and/ or intracellular activation of unesterified long-chain and very long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) into a variety of lipid-metabolizing cells and tissues. 

PLTP is responsible for the majority of phospholipid transfer activity in human plasma. Specifically, it transfers surface phospholipids from VLDL to HDL upon lipolysis of triglycerides present in VLDL. The exact mechanism by which PLTP exerts its activity is yet unknown. The best indications for an important role in lipid metabolism have been gained from knockout experiments in mice, which show severe reduction of plasma levels of HDL-C and apoA-I. This is most likely the result of increased catabolism of HDL particles that are small in size as a result of phospholipid depletion. In addition to the maintenance of normal plasma HDL-C and apoA-I concentration, PLTP is also involved in a process called HDL conversion. Shortly summarized, this cascade of processes leads to fusion of HDL... 

Due to the absence of human models for PLTP deficiency, our knowledge about the relevance of plasma PLTP activity for human lipid metabolism is still incomplete. No investigational drugs are available that specifically target the activity of this protein. 

Protein kinase A (PKA) is a cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, a member of a family of protein kinases that are activated by binding of cAMP to their two regulatory subunits, which results in the release of two active catalytic subunits. Targets of PKA include L-type calcium channels (the relevant subunit and site of phosphorylation is still uncertain), phospholam-ban (the regulator of the sarcoplasmic calcium ATPase, SERCA) and key enzymes of glucose and lipid metabolism. 

Increased risk factors for suffering retinoid side effects are adipositas, alcohol abuse, diabetes, nicotine abuse, familiar lipid metabolism alterations and other concommittant therapies (see below). 

TNF is a pleiotropic cytokine exerting a wide range of cellular responses, that affect biological processes such as lipid metabolism, coagulation, and insulin resistance and the function of endothelial cells. As a major proinflammatory cytokine TNF is also involved in progression of diseases like cancer, Alzheimer, Diabetes type II, cardiovascular, pulmonary or neurological disorders, and many autoimmune diseases. Blocking the action of TNF clearly reduces its inflammatory potential on various autoimmune disorders like Crohn s disease, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and psoriasis. 

Vitamin B6-coenzyme is involved in a variety of reactions, e.g., in the immune system, gluconeogenesis, erythrocyte fimction, niacin formation, nervous system, lipid metabolism, and in hormone modulation/gene expression [1, 2]. 

Metabolic Myopathies Glycogen Storage Disease Disorders of Lipid Metabolism Respiratory Chain Disorders Mitochondrial DNA Abnormalities Myotonias, Periodic Paralyses, and Malignant Hyperpyrexia Myotonias... 

Madin, K.A.C. Crowe, J.H. (1975). Anhydrobiosis in nematodes carbohydrate and lipid metabolism during dehydration. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 193, 335-41. 

Kuiper, P.J.C. (1985). Environmental changes and lipid metabolism of higher plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 64, 118-22. 

Lipid Metabolism Is Concerned Mainly With Fatty Acids Cholesterol (Figure 15-3)... 

Reddy JK, Mannaerts GP Peroxisomal lipid metabolism. Annu RevNutr 1994 14 343. 

Katsura K, Rodriguez de Turco EB, Siesjo BK, Bazan NG. Effects of hyperglycemia and hypercapnia on lipid metabolism during complete brain ischemia. Brain Res 2004 1030 133-140. 

Hepatic peroxisome proliferation, characterized by liver enlargement due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy, has been proposed as a basis for differences in species susceptibility to trichloroethylene carcinogenicity. Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles which contain enzymes generally involved in lipid metabolism. 

STORY J A, KRITCHEVSKY D (1976) Dietary fiber and lipid metabolism. In Fiber in Human Nutrition Eds Spiller G A, Amen R J, New York Plenum Press, 171-84. 

Mackie Rl, BA White, MP Bryant (1991) Lipid metabolism in anaerobic ecosystems. Crit Rev Microbiol 17 449-479. 

Analysis of lipid metabolism in adipocytes (insulin stimulation of lipogenesis) using a 60... 

Lipid abnormalities are associated with a wide spectrum of pathological conditions. In particular, recent advances have been made in understanding the role of lipoproteins in coronary heart disease (Davies and Woolf, 1993). However, included within the spectrum of diseases associated with perturbations of lipid metabolism are a number of musculoskeletal problems including inflammatory polyarthritis, tenosynovitis, osteoporosis and bone cysts. 

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