Lipid human

Due to the absence of human models for PLTP deficiency, our knowledge about the relevance of plasma PLTP activity for human lipid metabolism is still incomplete. No investigational drugs are available that specifically target the activity of this protein. 

Binnert, C., Laville, M., Pachiaudi, C., Rigalleau, V. and Beylot, M. (1995) Use of gas chromatography isotope ratio mass spectrometry to study triglyceride metabolism in humans. Lipids 30, 869 873. 

Hence, the optimum ratio TM/5 in STEAM sequences is given by the relaxation times of the substance leading to TM/5 = 2.2 for lipids when relaxation times of the dominating methylene signal of human lipids are considered (Ti =270 ms and T2 = 85 ms). 

Kato H, Nakanishi T, Arai H, Nishida HI, Nishida T (1989) Purification, microheterogeneity, and stability of human lipid transfer protein. J Biol Chem 264 4082-4087... 

Nicolaides, N., et al. 1981. Meibomian gland studies Comparison of steer and human lipids. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 20 522. 

Kelley, D.S., Nelson, G.J., Love, J.E., Branch, L.B., Taylor, P.C., Schmidt, P.C., Mackey, B.E., and Iacono, J.M. 1993. Dietary alpha-linolenic acid alters tissue fatty acid composition, but not blood lipids, lipoproteins or coagulation status in humans. Lipids 28, 533-537. 

Evidence is similar for humans but limited, and includes male sterility, spontaneous abortions in human females, premature human fetuses, severe neurologic and CNS effects, blood dyscrasias, hepatotoxicity, accumulation of organohalogen pesticides in human lipid tissue—and, perhaps even more important, their presence in human breast milk, whence they can continue to exert influences on growth, development and hormonal, CNS and enzyme systems. Aldrin, dieldrin, chlordane, chlordecone (Kepone), heptachlor epoxide, hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and Mirex are all excreted via breast milk in the human female. This is also true for the related PCBs and PBBs that resist biodecomposition and maintain persistent residence in mammalian tissues. For them, excretion via breast milk may constitute the main—if not sole—elimination route. 

Bereuter, T. L., Lorbeer, E., Reiter, C., Seidler, H., and Unterdorfer, H. (1996). Postmortem alterations of human lipids—Part I Evaluation of adipocere formation and mummification by desiccation, in Human Mummies A Global Survey of Their Status and the Techniques of Conservation (K. Spindler, Ed.). New York Wien, 265-273. 

Kelson GJ, Schmidt PS, Bartolini GL, Kelley DS, and Kyle D. (1997). The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on platelet fiinction, platelet fittty acid composition, and blood coagulation in humans. Lipids. 32,1129-1136. 

Alland, J. P Kurian, R., Aghdassi, E Muggli, R and RoyalJ, D, (1997). Lipid peroxidation during n-3 fatty acid and vitamin E supplementation in humans. Lipids 32, 535-541. 

Dietschy, J. M., Turley, S. D., and Spady, D. K. (1993). Role of liver in the maintenance of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein homeostasis in different animal species, including humans. /. Lipid Res. 34,1637-1659. 

Kayden, H. J., and Traber, M. G. (1993). Absorption, lipoprotein trai port, and regulation of plasma concentratioirs of vitamin E in humans. /. Lipid Res. 34,343-358. 

The antioxidant-derived radical (A ) could be dimerized harmlessly into A2, or it could be converted back to A-H by reaction with another molecule it might also react with another ROO to become a nonradical. The most important chain-breaking antioxidant in human lipids is a-tocopherol... 

Summerfield, F.W. and Tappel, A. A. 1984. Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fats and Vitamin E on Aging and Peroxidation Damage to DNS. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 233 408 116. Swanson, J.E., Ben, R.N., Burton, G.W., and Parker, R.S. 1999. Urinary Excretion of 2,7,8-trimethyl-2-((3-carboxyethyl)-6-hydroxychroman is a Major Route of Elimination of y-Tocopherol in Humans../. Lipid Res. 40 665-671. 

Papas, A.M. 1996. Determinants of antioxidant status in humans. Lipids. 3LS77-S82. 

Rambjor, G.S., Walen, A.I., Windsor, S.L. and Harris, W.S. (1996) Eicosapentaenoic acid is primarily responsible for hypotriglyceridemic effect of fish oil in humans. Lipids. 3LS45-S49. 

CMPF in humans remain unknown (Gil). Furan fatty acids have yet to be found in human lipids. However, urofuranic acids are present in the urine of babies and adults who have not consumed fish products for months (S3). Consequently, ingestion of fish does not appear to be the source of these furanoid fatty acids. Although the metabolic role of these compounds remains to be elucidated, substituted furan substances may be involved in the metabolism of uronic acid and carbohydrates (M40). 

Pawlosky, R.J. J.R. Hibbeln J.A. Novotny N. Salem, Jr. Physiological compartmental analysis of alpha -linolenic acid metabolism in adult humans./. Lipid Res. 2001, 42, 1257-1265. 

Ferretti A, Nelson GJ, Schmidt PC, Kelley DS, Bartolini G, and Flanagan VP, Increased dietary arachidonic acid enhances the synthesis of vasoactive eicosanoids in humans. Lipids, Apr 1997 32(4) 435-439. 

Turpeinen, A.M., Basu, S., and Mutanen, M., A high linoleic acid diet increases oxidative stress in vivo and affects nitric oxide metabolism in humans. Lipids, 34 (Suppl. 1), 291S-292S, 1999. 

Studies were conducted in Japan to assess the long-term effect of DAG ingestion on humans. Nagao et al. (14) examined the effects of the long-term ingestion of dietary DAG in a double-blind controlled study of human lipid metabolism. Healthy men [n = 38,27-49 y old, with a body mass index (BMl) ranging from 21.8 to 27.4 kg/m ] were enrolled in the study. To accustom the subjects to the test diets be-... 

Ultrasonic standing wave (USW) manipulatiOTi is a simple and useful method for handling, separating, and concentrating large groups of cells. A USW creates a pressure node that will attract particles or cells. As with DEP, a cell can experience either an attractive or repulsive acoustic force depending on its material parameters. This can be used either to trap objects locally over an ultrasonic transducer, concentrate them within a fluidic channel, or separate different types of objects from each other. Successful separation of human erythrocytes from human lipid vesicles has been reported (Fig. 5). 

Two particle types positioned, by acoustic forces, in the pressure nodal and antinodal planes of a standing wave. (Cross sectirai of the channel in (b), dashed line.) (b) Top view of a continuous separation of two particle types fiom each other and/OT a fraction of their medium (Adapted from Ref [15]). (b) Human lipid particles separated from human erythrocytes at the trifurcation of 350 mm separation chip with ultrasound turned on (Adapted from Ref [16])... 

Iversen, S.A., Cawood, P., Madigan, M.J., Lawson, A.M., and Dormandy, T.L. (1984) Identification of a Diene Conjugated Component of Human Lipid as Octadeca-9,ll-dienoic Acid, FEES Lett. 171,320-324. 

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