Lipid Transport and Clearance Metabolism

Heparin and heparan sulfate are also involved in lipid transport and metabolic clearance. 

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is an important lipid transport protein in human plasma and brain. It mediates hepatic clearance of remnant lipoproteins as a high-affin-ity ligand for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family, including LDLR, LDLR-related protein (LRP), and cell surface heparan sulfate PGs (71). In the liver, heparan sulfate PGs facilitate the interaction of remnant particles with LRP, which is known as the heparan sulfate PG-LRP pathway, in which apoE initially interacts 

Potential Therapeutic Roies of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate 

For the well-studied anticoagulant property of heparin and heparan sulfate, a defined pentasaccharide sequence (Fig. 2) containing a 3-O-sulfo group in the central glucosamine residue is required to catalyze the AT Ill-mediated inhibition of 

Ill-mediated anti-Xa assay (98). However, this LMW heparin retains its ability to regulate smooth muscle cell proliferation. The antiproliferation of pulmonary smooth muscle cell assay showed the O-hexanoyl derivative of this LMW heparin inhibits the growth of pulmonary smooth muscle cells better than heparin itself (99). 

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