Lipid metabolism interaction with carbohydrate

Biotin is central to the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids as biotin is the prosthetic group of the carboxylases. In addition to this metabolic function, biotin influences transcription in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Biotin exerts complex effects on cell cycle and gene transcription through epigenetic mechanisms. Nuclear biotin holocarboxylase synthetase seems to interact with other chromatin proteins to form a multiprotein gene repressor complex. 

Lipid removal may be a critical factor in plaque formation and the location of lecithin-cholesterol trans-acylase in the arterial wall could play an important role since cholesterol is rapidly exchanged" with the blood while cholesterol ester is not. Kuo in an editorial cites the evidence for the theory that a dlsturbemce in carbohydrate metabolism can be responsible for atherosclerosis and should be included as one of the primary risk factors in coronary heart disease. In this regard, Clements and coworkers have shown the presence in aorta of aldose reductase, an enzyme which they feel provides a mechanism for the alteration of arterial metabolism by hyperglycemia. Another approach to molecular interactions was described by Levy and Day who concluded from their results that the low density lipoproteins are uniquely polycationic at the surface and that these ions react with the internal arterial macromolecular polyanions. 

---