Myocardial infarction lipid metabolism

EPA and DHA. In fact, these researchers observed a 47% and 58% lower risk of coronary heart disease and nonfatal myocardial infarctions, respectively, for each 1 g increase in ALA in subjects consuming low levels of EPA and DHA (Mozaffarian et al., 2005). In contrast to low-EPA and -DHA consumption, ALA intake was not associated with reduced coronary heart disease in men with high- (>250 mg/d) EPA and DHA intake. This observation may be due to the way in which ALA is metabolized and that the already high EPA and DHA diminished the conversion of ALA to other anti-inflammatory lipids. 

The FABPs are a family of carrier proteins for fatty acids and other lipophilic substances, such as eicosanoids and retinoids. These proteins are thought to facilitate the transfer of fatty acids between extra- and intracellular membranes. Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2 FABP4) is expressed in adipocytes and macrophages, and integrates inflammatory and metabolic responses. Studies in aP2-deflcient mice have shown that this lipid chaperone has a significant role in several aspects of the metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. FABP has also been introduced as a plasma marker of acute myocardial infarction. 

The general metabolic response to shock includes the normal response to stress with mobilization of lipids, although the serum triglyceride concentration is not usually affected. Following acute myocardial infarction and other cardiac events there tend to be notable decreases in LDL and HDL cholesterols, and apolipoprotein B and A-I concentrations with an increase in the triglyceride concentration. Surgical procedures and intercurrent iUnesses produce similar... 

Diabetes mellitus is now recognized as one of the most common and significant diseases facing Americans. It is estimated that I of 4 children bom today will become diabetic in their lifetime because of obesity and inactivity. Also, it has been noted that diabetes has a severe effect on blood vessels, particularly in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (blockage of arteries by lipids and plaque), which can lead to myocardial infarction or stroke. Diabetes mellitus is treated as equivalent to a prior cardiovascular event in its risk for future atherosclerotic disease. Diabetes is also associated with immunosuppression, renal insufficiency, blindness, neuropathy, and other metabolic disorders. 

Electrophysiological Dysfunction During Myocardial Infarction A Pathophysiological Process Mediated by Alterations in Cellular Lipid Metabolism 355... 

ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL DYSFUNCTION DURING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION A PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS MEDIATED BY ALTERATIONS IN CELLULAR LIPID METABOLISM... 

Despite its proven benefit in the control of blood glucose, PPARy agonists have been associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes [71]. Numerous companies are therefore working actively on specific PPARa modulators, and a number of discovery and preclinical programs have been initiated with the aim of improving potency and selectivity compared to the fibrates. PPARa-selective compounds that are currently under development are shown in Figure 13.9. With the exception of K-lll (for a recent review, see Ref. [72]), which is developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the development of all known PPARa activators is focused on lipid metabolism. 

Stamler, j., L. N. Katz, R. Pick, L. A. Lewis, I. H. Page, A. Pick, B. M. Kaplan, D. M. Berkson, and D. Century Effects of long-term estrogen therapy on serum cholesterol-lipid-lipoprotein levels and on mortality in middle-aged men with previous myocardial infarction. In Garattini, S., and R. Paoletti (Eds.) Proc. of the symposium on drugs effecting lipid metabolism, p. 432. Amsterdam Elsevier 1961. 

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