Paint manufacture

Restriction on the use of certain types of solvents, Hsted as HAPs under the Clean Air Act, are forcing paint manufacturers not only to lower the limits on the amount of organic solvents in a paint, but also to eliminate certain types of solvents. Thus paint manufacturers are challenged to comply simultaneously with both VOC and HAP regulations. These Clean Air Act mandates are expected to affect most types of paints and paint manufacturers beginning in 1996. 

Both prototypal questions related illustrate the need for a successhil technical service professional to have a strong understanding of the customer s apphcations and processes, within proper intellectual property considerations. This need for a thorough understanding is not always straightforward. A common example of the complications that can arise is provided from the paint (qv) industry (11). If, for instance, a calcium carbonate suppHer would like a paint manufacturer to use their material versus a competitive one, the onus is on the suppHer to show that the material can be successfully used in the paint formula of interest. However, many such formulas are held as proprietary. The technical service professional therefore does not know the components of the paint. This would lead to an unworkable situation from an evaluation standpoint save for the fact that the paint company may supply a miHbase or other intermediate form of the paint to allow a proper comparison of carbonates to be carried out. Thus mutual benefits can result and no loss of proprietary information occur. 

The Hegman gauge readings, usehil for paint manufacture, mn from 0—55. 

The temperature and time of curing, as indicated in Table A 13.4, are indicative and for general guidance only. They may vary with the type and quality of paint and effectiveness of the furnace. For exact details, consult the paint manufacturer. The operator may also vary the given parameters slightly, based on his own experience and the end results. 

Given below are the main types of paint, their properties and some general guidance on their use. For any specific requirements, it is always advisable to check with paint manufacturers. 

T-wash pretreatment This acid-mordant solution turns the surface black when correctly treated. Problems can occur with use of such an acid solution in situ and from its pungent odor. It must be applied to zinc in a bright condition without corrosion products on its surface. The paint manufacturer s advice must be sought before using under thick coats of two-pack epoxy or urethane. 

Record the name of the paint manufacturer, the manufacturer s description of each paint used in the system, the reference number and the batch number. 

The technical service departments of paint manufacturers are a valuable source of free information on their own products. For independent advice on new materials, comparison between materials, specifications not tied to proprietary types and failure investigations, there are consultants and test laboratories that will generally assist on a fee-paying basis. 

A wide range of resins prepared by polymerisation of compounds containing vinyl groups is available. Those most commonly used in paint manufacture are of the following types ... 

Bacteria (Figure 2) are the main enemy of the water based paint manufacturer. 

Biocides must have a number of essential properties if they are to be successfully used in emulsion paint manufacture (Table 7). 

In industry, radiation is applied both as an initiator and as a control mechanism on one hand, and as a sustainer of reactions on the other. Among the many industrial uses of radiation, one may mention food preservation, curing of paints, manufacture of wood-plastic combinations, syntheses of ethyl bromide, of ion exchange materials, of various graft copolymers, and of materials for textile finishing. In addition, there are important uses of tracers in various process industries and in mining and metallurgy. 

Paint manufacturers frequently use P.R.48 1 in inexpensive industrial paints, in which the pigment exhibits good fastness to overpainting. The lightfastness in full shade equals step 5-6 on the Blue Scale, but the pigment loses its fastness to light rapidly as the TiOz content increases. P.R.48 1 is not recommended for exterior application. 

In US, AF products need a registration both at federal and at state level. Registration/regulation of AF paints is governed by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act FIFRA (US, 2004) and administered by US Environmental Protection Agency. Extensive data packages need to be submitted by the biocide producers and the paint manufacturers. The decision for approval of products is based upon a risk benefit balance evaluation process. 

Schwartz BS, Ford DP, Bolla KI, et al. 1990. Solvent-associated decrements in olfactory function in paint manufacturing workers. Am J Ind Med 18 697-706. 

It is not practical here, of course, to attempt to list all the chemicals that can be found in the workplace, far less to describe their effects and toxicity. The list, of course, will vary according to the nature of the work. The chemicals found in paint manufacturing, for instance, will be different from those occurring in a foundry. The nature and occurrence of some of the more common of these industrial chemicals, along with their toxic effects, is examined in Chapter 7. 

Acetaldehyde is the product of the Wacker process. At the end of the fifties oxidation of ethene to ethanal replaced the addition of water to acetylene, because the acetylene/coal-based chemistry became obsolete, and the ethene/petrochemistry entered the commercial organic chemicals scene. The acetylene route involved one of the oldest organometallics-mediated catalytic routes started up in the 1920s the catalyst system comprised mercury in sulfuric acid. Coordination of acetylene to mercury(II) activates it toward nucleophilic attack of water, but the reaction is slow and large reactor volumes of this toxic catalyst were needed. An equally slow related catalytic process, the zinc catalysed addition of carboxylic acids to acetylene, is still in use in paint manufacture. 

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