Intellectual property rights, protection

Novel chemical structure with intellectual property rights protected... 

Duvick, D.N. in Intellectual Property Rights Protection of Plant Materials, Pub. No. 21, Crop Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, 1993, p. 21. 

Trade secret protection is probably the weakest of all intellectual property rights. The US Uniform Trade Secret Act defines a trade secret as information, including a formula, pattern, compilation, program device, method, technique, or process, that (1) derives independent economic value, actual or potential, from not being generally known to, and not being readily ascertainable by proper means by, other persons who can obtain economic value from its disclosure or use and (2) is the subject of efforts that are reasonable under the circumstances to maintain its secrecy [33]. 

Obtaining IP protection is only the first step. The intellectual property rights obtained are only useful if they can be exploited and—ultimately—unauthorized users of the rights can be stopped from exploiting them. 

The use of computers in developing new pharmaceutical products is nowadays commonplace, and a number of tools and databases have been developed to improve their use. Although intellectual property rights have to date rarely been the subject of court cases, protection is available and the courts are prepared to enforce these rights, even in an international context. 

Intellectual property rights (IPRs) are an important asset for the pharmaceutical industry. Most successful companies have suites of patents to protect their IPRs. The effect of IPR protection is amply demonstrated by the Prozac case. Fluoxetine (Prozac, Eli Lilly) was a blockbuster drug for many years. During... 

Protection of the intellectual property rights of the sponsor must be covered. 

There are other aspects to the maintenance of a product in the market. The ability to protect and recoup investment is vital if new products and the development of existing products are to be sustained. Intellectual property rights provide various methods of protecting products and can be an important and a valuable asset in providing legitimate barriers against domestic and foreign competition. 

Some economists, such as 1993 Nobel laureate Douglass North, argue that the invention of intellectual property and its protection caused an explosion in creativity that was the basic force behind the Industrial Revolution (Hall and Jones 1999). As Charles Jones observed, sustained economic growth is a very recent phenomenon - it began with the Industrial Revolution in Britain in the 1760s - and the thesis of Douglass North and a number of other economic historians is that the development of intellectual property rights, a cumulative process that occurred over centuries, is responsible... 

Intellectual property rights are the most sensitive interface between a fine-chemical company and its customer. This is particularly the case if the latter is a pharmaceutical company. Most of the profits of the industry derive from drugs protected by patents. Any dissipation or misuse of IP, on either the product or the manufacturing process, can cause serious damage. The company, its board, executives, and employees may be held liable. It is, therefore, imperative that strict procedures for safeguarding the IP are put in place, such as the following ... 

There is no effective protection of intellectual property right and little incentive for further development of pre-existing preparations available on the market (albeit not yet as drugs). 

An agency of the United Nations with the goal of developing a system of intellectual property that protects the rights of patent developers and promotes the public interest. 

United Nations Commission on Human Rights, Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Economic and Social Council (UNCHR). 2001. The impact of the Agreement of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights on Human Rights Report of the High Commissioner. E/CN.4/Sub.2/2001/13. 

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