Intellectual property patent applications

A patent file history, also called a file wrapper, is the complete set of documents for a patent filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. These papers chronicle communications and actions taken by the patent examiner, the applicant, and the applicant s attorney from the time of patent application to issue. File histories are available from commercial services such as Intellectual Property Network (described below). 

Replacement of the phenyl group of anthranilic acid by a cycloalkene represents another strategy to obtain intellectual property. This endeavor resulted in three consecutive patent applications [73-75] and a publication [76]. The advantages of tetrahydro anthranilic acid as a surrogate for anthranilic acid include reduced CYP2C8 and 2C9 inhibition and improved oral exposure in mice (analogs 25 vs. 12). Ultimately, a pre-clinical candidate, MK-6892 (26), was selected from this series due to its... 

It is the responsibility of the reader to become familiar with patents that may cover particular compounds, compositions, reactions, or their use in bioconjugation applications. If patents or patent applications exist, it is important that permission or a license be obtained to use it before exploiting any intellectual property for commercial use. 

L. Kenny, Kenneth D. Moore, and Stephen L. Patrick. Intellectual property rights to the invention are assigned to Magnetic Energy Ltd., Huntsville, Alabama (USA), with Dr. James L. Kenny as Managing Partner. Several additional patent applications are in preparation. 

One important tool in the international patent world is the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). By filing an international patent application, one may seek patent protection for an invention simultaneously in each of a large number of countries. Such an application may be filed by anyone who is a national or resident of a contracting state of the PCT. A list of the more than 120 contracting states can be found on the website of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) [5]. The effect of the international application in each such state is the same as if a... 

Van Wijk, R.J. De Weijer, A.P. Klarenberg, D.A. De Jonge, R. 8c Jongerden, G.J. Technique for Measuring Properties of Polymeric fibres World Intellectual Property Organization Patent Cooperation Treaty International Application WO 99/12019 Assigned to Akzo Nobel N.V. Piled in 1998. Priority Number NL 1006895 (1997). 

Kittrell, C. 8c Feld, M.S. Catheter System for Imaging World Intellectual Property Organization Patent Cooperation Treaty International Application WO 89/02718 Assigned to Massachusetts Institute of Technology Filed in 1988. Priority Number US 100714 (1987). 

I would like to comment on intellectual property as that issue was raised earlier. Akzo Nobel had more than 100 contracts with universities. In most of those the intellectual property was assigned to the university. We would write and file the application, covering all costs for patent execution on behalf of the university. In response, Akzo Nobel would obtain the first right of refusal for a royalty-bearing license with limits on royalties defined. The universities maintained the right to license to others in different fields of use. 

Richard Koehn I do not think the universities have any idea how intellectual property laws relate to the general research mission of the institution or its desire to exploit the fruits of that research through commercialization. It is completely different when you are doing research in chemistry on a particular area and you see some particular applications in mind, but you are actually utilizing patented procedures or processes in that research. Have you violated the patent The question of a patent violation in research laboratories is extremely sophisticated, and most technology transfer offices at universities do not know that the issue exists or how to think about it. Now that the universities are thinking about exploiting the commercial value of a project, they need to ask what process was used to produce the fruits of that project. That is a different level of sophistication. 

Technology transfer specialists, in contrast, are more focused on business aspects. They need to be able to work closely with and understand the work of the industrial property people, to help them check on the patent applications filed by the institution. But they also, and more importantly, must follow market trends involving the portfolio of patents and applications, orient the preparation of technical cooperation, detect and contact potential partners for future technology transfers, negotiate and draft contractual instruments applicable to each case, monitor the partnerships formed, deal with external law offices specializing in intellectual property, and act in cases of breach of contractual clauses. In relation to this last item, when a contractual infraction or other compliance problem is noted, a choice must be made as to what action to take. Will it be by judicial action or some form of alternative dispute resolution ... 

When it comes to the legal requirements for the protection of intellectual property the position is not so clear-cut. For instance in the US the PTO issues patents on the basis of the date of invention, i.e. the date in the laboratory notebook, not the date of application as is the case with other countries. 

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