Intellectual property claims

Good documentation serves multiple important purposes it provides support for any intellectual property claims, it provides factual support when writing papers, it tells both you and other team members how to repeat an experiment, and it helps to organize your thinking and planning. Most importantly, documentation is the public property of the entire team, and it must be written for the entire team. Standards of documentation will reduce the amount of work that is required for one team member to understand the work and the thinking of another member. All work should be documented so that any team member can understand it easily ... 

Resiliency Since it is usually desirable in practice to sell one intellectual property to many users, any coalition of legitimate users should not be able to destroy the watermark. It means given multiple watermarked copies of the same object, a malicious is unable to locate and to remove, or to change, the watermark into one of his own. Otherwise, a malicious group of users will be able to claim illegal ownership of a copyrighted object, or be able to transfer it to another third party. 

Most of the equivalent patents are incorporated in the discussion, to give a sense of the international coverage to the reader. A summary of the main claim is included as a definition of the property subject matter. As could be seen the property subject matter of a World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) patent generally, is identical to one of the corresponding US patent (from the US Patent and Trademark Office, USPTO). However, in some instances a WIPO patent has more than one US equivalent patent. The equivalence between WIPO and US patents will be discussed for each particular case wherever relevant. 

The second development for which IGT is known world-wide is their work on biodesulfurization. The IGT intellectual property package, developed by Kilbane s group, includes two microorganisms, R. rhodochrous strain ATCC 53968 (IGTS8) and B. sphaericus strain ATCC 53969 as well as the enzymes derived from them and cell-free extracts. The biocatalysts and their use were protected in a series of eight patents (plus one US equivalent) and though in some patents a process is claimed, the main emphasis is on biocatalyst. A summary of these patents and the comparison with the early patents of EBC was given in Chapter 3. The patents were entitled ... 

The third way to protect intellectual property is by publication. A publication is any knowledge that is made available to the public - not only articles in academic journals You might wonder how you could use publication to protect yourself The answer is that publication prevents anybody - also competitors - from patenting. There are many cases where you do not need more. Information in a patent, which is not part of the claims, is a publication just like anything else. Also this will prevent anybody ifom patenting the knowledge. 

Of some concern in this field is the issue of intellectual property, as there are a large number of patents protecting the area in terms of the preparation, identities and uses of these solvents. For example, one patent claims broad coverage of cheap phosphonium ionic liquids, and this might prevent their use in many applications. However, the large number of patents also demonstrates significant industrial interest in these media and industrial processes using them are now online. ... 

Anyone applying for a patent at the national or international level is required to determine whether their creation is new or is already owned or claimed. To determine this, huge amounts of information must be searched. The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the World Intellectual Property Organization s (WIPO) International Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) have created classification systems which organize information concerning inventions into indexed, manageable categories for easy retrieval. 

---