Painting formulae

Uses Surfactant for formulating detergent cones. wetting agent, detergent for metalworking formulas, paint strippers, tire cleaners, transportation cleaners, dairy and food plant cleaners, paper felt washing, sanitizers, wax strippers Features Alkaline-stable... 

The physical properties of finish removers vary considerably due to the diverse uses and requirements of the removers. Finish removers can be grouped by the principal ingredient of the formula, method of appHcation, method of removal, chemical base, viscosity, or hazardous classification. Except for method of apphcation, a paint remover formulation usually has one aspect of each group, by which it can be used for one or more appHcations. A Hst of the most common organic solvents used in finish removers has been compiled (3). Many are mentioned throughout this article others include ethyl lactate [97-64-3] propylene carbonate [108-32-7] furfural alcohol [98-01-1/, dimethyl formamide [68-12-2] tetrahydrofuran [109-99-9] methyl amyl ketone [110-43-0] dipropylene glycol methyl ether [34590-94-8] and Exxate 600, a trade name of Exxon Chemicals. 

The rate of stripping or the stripabiUty on cataly2ed urethane and epoxy resin finishes can be increased by adding formic acid, acetic acid, and phenol. Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and trisodium phosphate [10101-89-0] may be added to the formula to increase the stripabiUty on enamel and latex paints. Other activators include oleic acid [112-80-17, trichloroacetic acid [76-85-9], ammonia, triethanolamine [102-71-6], and monoethyl amine. Methylene chloride-type removers are unique in their abiUty to accept cosolvents and activators that allow the solution to be neutral, alkaline, or acidic. This abihty gready expands the number of coatings that can be removed with methylene chloride removers. 

Wetting agents are used to make a water rinse remover. Water rinse removers are normaUy used for removing paint, where the surfactants help remove paint and remover from the substrate. Solvent rinse removers or wipe and dry formulas may be used for stripping clear finishes. A typical petroleum and oxygenate formula is as foUows (10). 

Both prototypal questions related illustrate the need for a successhil technical service professional to have a strong understanding of the customer s apphcations and processes, within proper intellectual property considerations. This need for a thorough understanding is not always straightforward. A common example of the complications that can arise is provided from the paint (qv) industry (11). If, for instance, a calcium carbonate suppHer would like a paint manufacturer to use their material versus a competitive one, the onus is on the suppHer to show that the material can be successfully used in the paint formula of interest. However, many such formulas are held as proprietary. The technical service professional therefore does not know the components of the paint. This would lead to an unworkable situation from an evaluation standpoint save for the fact that the paint company may supply a miHbase or other intermediate form of the paint to allow a proper comparison of carbonates to be carried out. Thus mutual benefits can result and no loss of proprietary information occur. 

Calcium carbonate is one of the most common filler/extenders used in the paint and coatings industry. Consumer and contractor paint formulas can include products from submicrometer size to coarse mesh sizes. The main function of calcium carbonate in paint is as a low cost extender. It is also used to improve brightness, appHcation properties, stabiHty, and exposure resistance. Coarse products help to lower gloss and sheen or even provide textured finishes. The selection of product type and particle size is deterrnined by the desired performance and cost of the coating. 

There are limitations to the appHcabiHty of exterior latex house paints providing a small continuing market for oil or alkyd exterior house paints. Because film formation from latex paints occurs by coalescence, there is a temperature limit, below which the paint should not be appHed. This temperature can be varied by choice of the T of the latex polymer and the amount of coalesciag agent ia the formula. Ia the United States, most latex paints are formulated for appHcation at temperatures above 5—7°C. If painting must be done when the temperature is below 5—7°C, oil or alkyd paint is preferable. 

Automotive Refinish Paints. Paint for appHcation to automobiles after they have left the assembly plant is a significant market. Although some of this paint is used for fuU repainting, especiaHy of commercial tmcks, most is used for repairs after accidents, commonly just one door or part of a fender, and so forth. In order to be able to serve this market, it is necessary to supply paints that match the colors of aH cars and tmcks, both domestic and imported, that have been manufactured over the previous ten years or so. Repair paints for the larger volume car colors are manufactured and stocked, but for the smaller volume colors formulas are suppHed by the coatings manufacturer to the paint distributor that permit a reasonable color match for any car by mixing standard bases. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Paint Drier Chemical Formula Mixture. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Flaxseed oil Raw linseed oil Chemical Formula Not applicable. Observable Characteristics - Physical State (as shipped) Liquid Color Pale yellow to dark amber Odor Like oil-base paint. 

Several components of the organic phase contribute greatly to the character of the final product. The pore size of the gel is chiefly determined by the amount and type of the nonsolvent used. Dodecane, dodecanol, isoamyl alcohol, and odorless paint thinner have all been used successfully as nonsolvents for the polymerization of a GPC/SEC gel. Surfactants are also very important because they balance the surface tension and interfacial tension of the monomer droplets. They allow the initiator molecules to diffuse in and out of the droplets. For this reason a small amount of surfactant is crucial. Normally the amount of surfactant in the formula should be from 0.1 to 1.0 weight percent of the monomers, as large amounts tend to emulsify and produce particles less than 1 yam in size. 

Although formulation is an art, science finds its place in the characterisation of the raw materials, in the design and testing of the series of experimental formulae and in the interpretation of the results. In addition to possessing an intimate knowledge of pigments, binders and solvents, the paint formulator must also be well acquainted with raw material costs and availability, paint making machinery, and the market s performance requirements. 

The developing human s source of nutrition changes with age from placental nourishment to breast milk or formula to the diet of older children who eat more of certain types of foods than adults. A child s behavior and lifestyle also influence exposure. Children crawl on the floor, put things in their mouths, sometimes eat inappropriate things (such as dirt or paint chips), and spend more time outdoors. Children also are closer to the ground, and they do not use the judgment of adults to avoid hazards (NRC 1993). 

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