Inspection meaning

The stoichiometric coefficients in a balanced chemical equation must be chosen so that the atoms of each element are conserved. Many chemical equations can be balanced by inspection. Balancing by inspection means changing stoichiometric coefficients until the number of atoms of each element is the same on each side of the arrow. Usually, we can tell what changes need to be made by looking closely at the reaction and matching the numbers of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation. Consider the following example. 

Fixed discharge outlets equipped with frangible seals should be provided with suitable inspection means to permit proper maintenance and for inspection and replacement of vapor seals. 

The term inspection means (A) a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint, as provided in section 4822(c)... 

Challenge Inspection means the inspection of any facility or location in the territory or in any other place under the jurisdiction or control of a State Party requested by another State Party pursuant to Article IX, paragraphs 8 to 25. 

Initial Inspection means the first on-site inspection of facilities to verify declarations submitted pursuant to Articles III, IV, V and VI and this Annex. 

Perimeter in case of challenge inspection means the external boundary of the inspection site, defined by either geographic coordinates or description on a map. 

International inspection means inspections or visits carried out by International Inspectors in accordance with the Convention. 

Question 10 Does the bi-weekly inspection mean that the employee must test the safety devices in order to ensure each is functioning properly or may the employee visually inspect the safety devices for changes from the previous inspection ... 

Inspection means such visual or more rigorous inspection by a competent person as is appropriate for the purpose. 

A vehicle (bus, truck, truck tractor, semitrailer, or trailer) that passes a Level I or Level V inspection will be awarded a decal. Tass inspection means that no violations are found of those items listed in the North American Standard Out-of-Service Criteria, which were covered earher. 

Each vehicle (motorcoach, school bus, other bus, truck, truck-tractor, semitrailer, trailer, converter dollies, etc.) used singularly or in combination may qualify for a CVSA decal if it passes inspection and a CVSA decal shall be applied. Pass Inspection , means that during a North American Standard Level I or Level V Inspection, no defects are found of the following Critical Vehicle Inspection Items ... 

Contrary to the belief that 100 percent inspection means 100 percent quality, 100 percent inspection is not only impractical but also unreliable, ineffective, and impossible in the case of destructive testing. Acceptance sampling drastically reduces the cost of inspection and in most cases provides better quality assurance than 100 percent inspection due to lower inspector fatigue and boredom. At this point, it is important to understand that the acceptance sampling technique does not control quality but it helps in determining the course of action. Based on the acceptance sampling plan, one may decide to accept or reject a particular lot. 

The publication of interstate Standard GOST 30415-96" Steel. Non-destructive inspection of mechanical properties and microstructure of metal products by magnetic method" - is the long-expected event for works laboratories and development engineers of non-destructive test means. 

CBR systems require that the operator is present during data interpretation. The operator has to provide the correct classification for the data that could not be interpreted by the system. This means that completely automatic CBR system is not feasible, but in case of the NDT inspection operator is almost always present. 

Our experiences with the software developed within the ANDES project have shown that CBR is a helpful methodology for use in the interpretation of NDT data from field inspections. Because CBR systems can adapt to new situations they can cope with inspection of varying constructions in varying conditions. However, because CBR systems learn from classifications made by the operator this means that they will not be very useful for completely automatic interpretation. Fortunately, most of the NDT inspection requires the presence of an operator because of the required high reliability. 

During the inspection of an unknown object its surface is scanned by the probe and ultrasonic spectra are acquired for many discrete points. Disbond detection is performed by the operator looking at some simple features of the acquired spectra, such as center frequency and amplitude of the highest peak in a pre-selected frequency range. This means that the operator has to perform spectrum classification based on primitive features extracted by the instrument. 

In service inspections of French nuclear Pressure Water Reactor (PWR) vessels are carried out automatically in complete immersion from the inside by means of ultrasonic focused probes working in the pulse echo mode. Concern has been expressed about the capabilities of performing non destructive evaluation of the Outer Surface Defects (OSD), i.e. defects located in the vicinity of the outer surface of the inspected components. OSD are insonified by both a "direct" field that passes through the inner surface (water/steel) of the component containing the defect and a "secondary" field reflected from the outer surface. Consequently, the Bscan images, containing the signatures of such defects, are complicated and their interpretation is a difficult task. 

The purpose of our researches is a study of variants for creation of an economic means for 3D tomographic inspection. For this purpose it is necessary to carry out the analysis of existing methods of 3D reconstruction, directed on solving problems of NDT a wide class of industrial products. 

Progress in mean of modelisation and inverse problem solving [1] let us hope to dispose soon of these tools for flaws 3D imaging in Non Destructive Control with eddy current sensors. This will achieve a real improvement of the actual methods, mainly based upon signature analysis. But the actual eddy current probes used for steam generators tubes inspection in nuclear industry do not produce the adequate measurements and/or are not modelisable. 

The light viewer as used in film X-Ray inspection is replaced by a PC monitor. This means that more persons can observe the image at the same time, which makes diseussions on details... 

Quantitative determined visual recognition for usual inspections, indicate that for indications with lengths over about 1.5 mm tbe probability of recognition is about 100 %. This is also applied to the penetrant inspection. This does not include the so called "human factor" which means that it cannot be guaranted that the inspector detects all indications for instance not always observing the inspection surface with full concentration. 

The method was applied for determination of the quality of the detection media on test pieces following the type testing of the European standard [4] in order to check the validity of the method. The other application was the determination of the visibility in dependance of the variations of the inspection parameters (application of the detection medium, magnetization, inclination, viewing conditions) in a range which may appear in the practical inspections. The results leads to conclusions on the visibility level which is a measure of the probability of recognition for the indication that means of the reliability of the method. 

Special Inspection Problems Solved by Means of Matched Ultrasonic Probe Design. 

Many inspection problems cannot simply be solved by means of standard NDT equipment Also in the ultrasonic field many applications require a special adaptation of instruments and especially the probes to the requirements of the inspection problem. 

The ultrasonic controls section, shown in Figure 7, provides the means for the user to set the operating parameters for the inspection. The majority of the controls are direct equivalents of those found on a conventional ultrasonic flaw detecfor some additional controls are provided to give access to the special features of the CamuS system. The Controls area is sub-divided into three parts. 

In wide sectors of industry there is a growing need of inspection methods which go without liquid coupling media. The excitation of bulk and surface waves by means of air-coupled ultrasonic probes is therefore an attractive tool for NDE. This is tme e.g. for the rapid scanning of large composite structures in the aerospace industry [1]. In other cases, the use of liquid couplants is prohibitive like the thickness measurement of powder layers. 

In co-operation with LM Glasfiber, a complete section of a rotor blade was produced with a number of well defined defects in order to perform an initial sensitivity test by means of ultrasound, vibrations techniques and real-time radiography. Based on the results of this initial test it was found that automated ultrasonic inspection was the best suited teclmique. In co-... 

An experienced inspection engineer will attempt to identify the characteristics of a given structure to determine potential. specific critical damage mechanisms. No individual major concrete structure can be adequately analysed by simple mass-accumulation of data and using criteria, which are based on standard codes. This does not mean that either data-collection or available criteria are not useful, but they should be exercised with care and flexibility and the procedures for inspection customised for the given structure. 

The results of corrosion surveys are received by the Surveyor in an agreed format using Forms TMl - TM8, preferably with the LR software freely issued to the approved firms. The report will highlight any areas where corrosion has gone beyond the permitted maximum diminution, which may be as low as 15% of the nominal thickness for a single item, and will also identify areas of "substantial corrosion T.e., any in excess of 75% of the permitted maximum. Corrosion in excess of that permitted means that the item has to be replaced. Any areas of corrosion deemed to be "substantial" are recorded for annual inspection. The Surveyor will review the completed report for verification and confirmation of the completeness of the thickness survey. 

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