Chemical equations balanced

Wnte a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of each of the following compounds... 

By carrying out the reaction at —78°C it is possible to fluonnate 2 2 dimethylpropane to yield (CF3)4C Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction... 

Write properly balanced chemical equations for the oxidation to COg and water of (a) myristic acid, (b) stearic acid, (c) a-linolenic acid, and (d) arachidonic acid. 

A chemist who carries out a reaction in the laboratory needs to know how much product can be obtained from a given amount of starting materials (reactants). To do this, he or she starts by writing a balanced chemical equation. 

Chemical reactions are represented by chemical equations, which identify reactants and products. Formulas of reactants appear on the left side of the equation those of products are written on the right In a balanced chemical equation, there are the same number of atoms of a given element on both sides. The same situation holds for a chemical reaction that you carry out in the laboratory atoms are conserved. For that reason, any calculation involving a reaction must be based on the balanced equation for that reaction. 

The emphasis is on writing and balancing chemical equations for these reactions. All of these reactions involve ions in solution. The corresponding equations are given a special name net ionic equations. They can be used to do stoichiometric calculations similar to those discussed in Chapter 3. 

A chemical equation that shows the enthalpy relation between products and reactants is called a thermochemical equation. This type of equation contains, at the right of the balanced chemical equation, the appropriate value and sign for AH. 

Throughout Section 11.3, balanced chemical equations are written in such a way that the coefficient of die reactant is 1. In general, if the coefficient of the reactant is a, where a may be 2 or 3 or..., then k in each integrated rate equation must be replaced by the product ak. (See Problem 101.)... 

In taking these sums, the standard molar entropies are multiplied by the number of moles specified in the balanced chemical equation. 

Strategy Start by writing a balanced chemical equation for the reaction involved. Then use Equation 17.1 in combination with Table 17.1 to calculate the difference in entropy between products and reactants. For (b) note that you are asked to calculate AS° for one gram of methane. 

However, the two ions NOf (ag) and Na+(agj do not play an active role in the reaction, nor do they influence the reaction that does occur [reaction (70)]. Consequently, they are not included in the equation for the reaction. The balanced chemical equation should show only species which actually participate in the reaction. These species are called the predominant reacting species. 

More quantitative evidence can be obtained by carrying out the reaction between an excess of sodium and a weighed amount of ethanol and measuring the amount of hydrogen gas evolved. When this is done it is found that 46 grams of ethanol (one mole) will produce only mole of hydrogen gas. We can therefore write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with ethanol ... 

For the reaction between solid sodium and water, the complete, balanced chemical equation is therefore... 

In other words, the stoichiometric coefficients multiplying the chemical formulas in any balanced chemical equation tell us the relative number of moles of each substance that reacts or is produced in the reaction. 

A balanced chemical equation symbolizes both the qualitative and the quantitative changes that take place in a chemical reaction. The stoichiometric coefficients tell us the relative numbers of moles of reactants and products taking part in the reaction. 

Although normally the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation are the smallest possible whole numbers, a chemical equation can be multiplied through by a factor and still be a valid equation. At times it is convenient to use fractional coefficients for example, we could write... 

Sometimes we need to construct a balanced chemical equation from the description of a reaction. For example, methane, CH4, is the principal ingredient of natural gas (Fig. H.3). It burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, both formed initially as gases. To write the balanced equation for the reaction, we first write the skeletal equation ... 

Self-Test H.1A When aluminum is melted and heated with solid barium oxide, a vigorous reaction takes place, and elemental molten barium and solid aluminum oxide are formed. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. 

Self-Test H.1B Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid magnesium nitride with aqueous sulfuric acid to form aqueous magnesium sulfate and aqueous ammonium sulfate. 

H.7 Write a balanced chemical equation for each of the following reactions, (a) Calcium metal reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas and aqueous calcium hydroxide. 

P, with the remainder oxygen. The mass spectrum of compound B yields a molar mass of 97.99 g-mol. Write the molecular formula of compound B. (c) Compound B reacts with an aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide to form compound C, a white precipitate. Write balanced chemical equations for the reactions in parts (a), (b), and (c). 

J.I4 The oxides of nonmetallic elements are called acidic oxides because they form acidic solutions in water. Write the balanced chemical equations for the reaction of one mole of each acidic oxide with one mole of water molecules to form an oxoacid and name the acid formed (a) C02 (b) SO,. 

J 3 Write and balance chemical equations for simple redox reactions (Self-Test K.4). 

Sometimes we need to know how much product to expect from a reaction, or how much reactant we need to make a desired amount of product. The quantitative aspect of chemical reactions is the part of chemistry called reaction stoichiometry. The key to reaction stoichiometry is the balanced chemical equation. Recall from Section H that a stoichiometric coefficient in a chemical equation tells us the relative amount (number of moles) of a substance that reacts or is produced. Thus, the stoichiometric coefficients in... 

The balanced chemical equation for a reaction is used to set up the mole ratio, a factor that is used to convert the amount of one substance into the amount of another. 

Step 2 Use the mole ratio derived from the stoichiometric coefficients in the balanced chemical equation to convert from the amount of one substance (A) into the amount in moles of the other substance (B). For aA - / B or aA + hY> — cC, use... 

L.25 Barium bromide, BaBrv, can be converted into BaCl2 by treatment with chlorine. It is found that 3.25 g of BaBrv reacts completely with an excess of chlorine to yield 2.27 g of BaCl2. Determine the value of x and write the balanced chemical equation for the production of BaCl2 from BaBr,.. 

Write a balanced chemical equation for the formation reaction of (a) HCl(g) (b) C6H6(1) (c) CuS04-5H20(s) (d) CaCOj(s, calcite). For each reaction, determine AH°, AS0, and AG° from data in Appendix 2A. 

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