Non destructive evaluation

Such techniques are preferred as they can be carried out on actual components going into service and even during service to check their durability. 

This should always be done with reinforced plastics as a good indication of moulding quality. Many GRP components are translucent so one is able to assess the quality through the sample as well as that of the surface. 

Shrinkage is dependent upon fibre volume as the fibres restrain the resin from shrinking. So this is a good indirect check of presence of reinforcement in the appropriate quantity at the right place. 

This permits the stiffness of the component to be checked and compared with the design value. 

It is important in many designs because fibre-reinforced plastics are generally stiffness limited compared with designs using metals. 

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Within the framework of the ANDES (Automatic Non-Destructive Evaluation System) at TNO Institute of Applied Physics two prototype applications have been developed for automated NDT data interpretation - both using the CBR methodology. 

Eddy-current non-destructive evaluation is widely used in the aerospace and nuclear power industries for the detection and characterisation of defects in metal components. The ability to predict the probe response to various types of defect is highly valuable since it enables the influence of particular parameters to be studied without recourse to costly and time consuming experiments. The solution of forward problems is also essential in the process of inverting experimental data. 

In service inspections of French nuclear Pressure Water Reactor (PWR) vessels are carried out automatically in complete immersion from the inside by means of ultrasonic focused probes working in the pulse echo mode. Concern has been expressed about the capabilities of performing non destructive evaluation of the Outer Surface Defects (OSD), i.e. defects located in the vicinity of the outer surface of the inspected components. OSD are insonified by both a "direct" field that passes through the inner surface (water/steel) of the component containing the defect and a "secondary" field reflected from the outer surface. Consequently, the Bscan images, containing the signatures of such defects, are complicated and their interpretation is a difficult task. 

Article is denoted to the investigation and the creation of the new ultrasonic and information technologies (IT) and the technical methods of non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of material state in the product, which are based on principles of ultrasonic computing tomography (USCT). These results concern two important questions ... 

O. Venard. Eddy current tomography a bayesian approach with a compound weak membrane-beta prior model. In Advances in Signal Processing for Non Destructive Evaluation of Materials, 1997. 

Paradis L, TalvardM., RizoPk, Pascal P Bayon G. and Benoist Ph., in Review of Progress in Quantitative Non Destructive Evaluation (Plenum, New-York, 1998), to appear. 

Silk, M. G., Can Non-Destructive Inspection Be Reliable y4/om, 377, 4-7, March (1988) Allinson, M., Flash Radiography , (E2/2 Unit Committee), UK Corrosion 87, (1987) Saunderson, D. H., The MFE Floor Scanner-A Case History , Colloq. The Economics of Non-Destructive Evaluation , Inst, of Elect. Engrs., January (1988)... 

Further increased sensitivity and accuracy of electronic tools will enable non-destructive evaluation of many metallurgical properties, including composition, interstitial content, residual strain, and many other important variables. A combination of multiple tools will allow for more precise measurement, without the need of testing standards... 

Bray, D.E. and Stanley, R.K., Non-Destructive Evaluation A Tool in Design,... 

Achenbach, J. D. (1987). Flaw characterisation by ultrasonic scattering methods. In Solid mechanics research for quantitative non-destructive evaluation (ed. J. D. Achenbach and Y. Rajapakse), pp. 67-81. Nijhoff, Dordrecht. [264]... 

Kushibiki, J., Matsumoto, Y., Satake, M., and Chubachi, N. (1985). Non-destructive evaluation of acoustic inhomogeneity on wafers by line-focus-beam acoustic microscope. Ultrasonics Int. 85, 809-14. [244]... 

Center of Non Destructive Evaluation, Iowa State University, Ames, USA nakagawa cnde.iastate.edu... 

Walser DC (1978) New developments in veneer peeling. Modern Plywood Techniques, 6 6-18 Wang X, Ross RJ, Mattson JA, Erickson JR, Forman JW, Geske EA and Wehr MA (2001) Several non-destructive evaluation techniques for assessing stiffness and MOE of small diameter logs. USDA, Forest Service, Forest Products Lahoratory, Research Paper RP-600 Wang X, Ross RJ, Bradshaw BK, Punches JRJ, Erickson JR, Forman JW and PeUerin RF (2004) Diameter effect on stress-wave evaluation on modulus of logs. Wood and Fiber Science, 55(3) 368-77... 

Mandelis, Non-destructive Evaluation (NDE) (Prentice Hall New Jersey, 1994). 

Non-Destructive Evaluation of Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Structures using High Frequency Eddy Current Methods... 

Non-destructive Evaluation 1. Determination of failure location 2. Acoustic and ultrasonic methods... 

Bruce. D. A., and Clarke. B. (1994), Non-destructive evaluation of composite materials for aerospace. Proc. of the Inspection of Structural Composites Conf., paper no. I. 

Olson, B. D.. Lamontia. M. A., Gillespie, J. W.. and Bogetti, T. A. (1995). The elTects and non-destructive evaluation of defects in thermoplastic compression-loaded composite cylinders, 7. Thermoplastic Composite Materials. Jan. 1995,. 8. 109 136. 

Gopalsami. N.. Bakhtiari. S.. Dieckman. S., Raptis. A., and Lepper. M. (1994). Millimeter-wave imaging for non-destructive evaluation of materials. Materials Evaluation. March 1994. - IJ.. 3. 412-415. 

Diaz Valdes SH, Soutis C. Real-time non-destructive evaluation of fibre composite laminates using low-frequency Lamb waves. J Acc Soc Am 2002 111(5) 2026—33. 

Nassr AA, El-Dakhakhni WW. Non-destructive evaluation of laminated composite plates using dielectrometry sensors. Smart Mater Struct 2009 18(5) 055014. http // dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/18/5/055014. 

Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of polymer matrix composites Techniques and applications... 

Agbabian, M. S. and Masri, S. F. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Non-destructive Evaluation for Performance of Civil Structures. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 1988. 

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